Effect of Demineralized Bone Matrix on Bone Growth within a Porous HA Material: A Histologic and Histometric Study

Abstract

Coralline hydroxyapatite (cHA) is an osteoconductive material currently being used as a bone graft substitute. Created by the hydrothermal conversion of the calcium carbonate skeleton of coral to hydroxyapatite, this material has a porous structure similar to cancellous bone. Addition of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) would conceivably create a composite with both osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties. This pilot study evaluated the healing of rabbit cranial defects that had been filled with cHA or cHA augmented with a DBM gel formed by adding glycerol to the DBM particulate. Data from these were then compared to unfilled defects from a previous study. Results indicated enhancement of new bone formation and an increase in the rate of healing in the defects filled with the cHA-DBM gel composite. Further studies are warranted.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

1. Bucholz, R. W. , A. Carlton and R. E. Holmes . 1987. "Hydroxyapatite and Tricalcium Phosphate Bone Graft Substitutes," Orthopt Clin. North Am., 18:323-334.

2. Holmes, R. E. 1979. "Bone Regeneration within a Coralline Hydroxyapatite Implant," Plast. Reconstr. Surg., 63:626-633.

3. Damien, C. J. and J. R. Parsons . 1991. "Bone Graft and Bone Graft Substitutes: A Review of Current Technology and Applications:" J. Appl. Biomat., 2:187-208.

4. Damien, C. J. , J. R. Parsons , A. B. Prewett , R. K. O'Leary and D. Rietveld . 1992. "Investigation of an Organic Delivery System for Demineralized Bone Matrix in a Delayed-Healing Cranial Defect," Trans. Orthop Res. Soc, 17:582.

5. Glowacki, J. , D. Altobelli and J. B. Mulliken . 1981. "Fate of Mineralized and Demineralized Osseous Implants in Cranial Defects," Calc Tiss. Int., 33:71-76.

6. Gekko, K. and S. Timasheff . 1981. "Mechanism of Protein Stabilization by Glycerol: Preferential Hydration in Glycerol-Water Mixtures," Biochem., 20:4667-4676.

7. Wolff, K. D. and D. Dienemann . 1990. "Vessel Preservation with Glycerol: An Experimental Study in Rats," J. Oral Maxillofac-Surg., 48:914-918.

8. Damien, C. J. , J. R. Parsons , J. J. Benedict and D. S. Weisman . 1990. "Investigation of a Hydroxyapatite and Calcium Sulfate Composite Supplemented with an Osetoinductive Factor," J. Biomed. Mat. Res., 24:639-654.

9. Frame, J. W. 1980. "A Convenient Animal Model for Testing Bone Substitute Materials," J. Oral Surg., 38:176-180.

10.

10. Kramer, I. R. H. , H. C. Killey and H. C. Wright . 1968. "A Histological and Radiological Comparison of the Healing of Defects in the Rabbit Calvarium with and without Implanted Heterogeneous Anorganic Bone," Arch. Oral Bio., 13:1095-1106.

11.

11. Holmes, R. E. , H. K. Hagler and C. A. Coletta . 1987. "Thick-Section Histometry of Porous Hydroxyapatite Implants Using Backscattered Electron Imaging," J. Biomed. Mat. Res., 21:731-739.

12.

12. Glantz, S. A. and B. K. Slinker . 1990. Primer of Applied Regression and Analysis of Variance New York: McGraw-Hill, pp. 381-460.

13.

13. Urist, M. R. and B. S. Strates . 1971. "Bone Morphogenetic Protein," J. Dent. Res., 50:1392-1406.

14.

14. Holmes, R. E. , V. Mooney , R. Bucholz and A. F. Tencer . 1984. "A Coralline Hydroxyapatite Bone Graft Substitute," Clin. Orthop, 188:252-262.

15.

15. Okumuro, M. , H. Ohgushi and S. Tamai . 1991. "Bonding Osteogenesis in Coralline Hydroxyapatite Combined with Bone Marrow Cells," Biomat., 12:411-416.

16.

16. Kawamura, M. , H. Iwata , K. Sato and T. Miura . 1987. "Chondroosteogenetic Response to Crude Bone Matrix Proteins Bound to Hydroxyapatite," Clin. Orthop., 217:281-292.

17.

17. Takaoka, K. , H. Nakahara , H. Yoshikawa , K. Mashuhara , T. Tsuda and K. Ono . 1988. "Ectopic Bone Induction on and in Porous Hydroxyapatite Combined with Collagen and Bone Morphogenetic Protein," Clin. Orthop, 234:250-254.