Urinary tract infections caused by catheter insertion are prevalent in hospital clinics, which can induce serious complications such as bacteriuria and sepsis, and even lead to patient death. The disposable catheters currently used in clinical practice suffer from poor biocompatibility and high infection rate. In this paper, we developed a polydopamine (PDA)-carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)-Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) coating with both good antibacterial and anti-adhesion properties to bacteria on the surfaces of a disposable medical latex catheter by a simple dipping method. The antibacterial efficiency of the coated catheters against Gram-negative E. coli and Gram-positive S. aureus bacteria was evaluated with both inhibition zone tests and fluorescence microscopy. Compared with the untreated catheter, the PDA-CMC-AgNPs coated catheters showed both good antibacterial and anti-adhesion properties to bacteria, which inhibited the adhesion of live bacteria and dead bacteria by 99.0% and 86.6%, respectively. This novel PDA-CMC-AgNPs composite hydrogel coating has great potential in applications in catheters and other biomedical devices to reduce infections.
SiddiqDMDarouicheRO. New strategies to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Nat Rev Urol2012; 9: 305–314.
2.
ZhuZWangZLiS, et al.Antimicrobial strategies for urinary catheters. J Biomed Mater Res A2019; 107: 445–467.
3.
ZhangSWangLLiangX, et al.Enhanced antibacterial and antiadhesive activities of silver-PTFE nanocomposite coating for urinary catheters. ACS Biomater Sci Eng2019; 5: 2804–2814.
4.
Flores-MirelesALWalkerJNCaparonM, et al.Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options. Nat Rev Microbiol2015; 13: 269–284.
5.
IslasLAlvarez-LorenzoCMagarinosB, et al.Singly and binary grafted poly (vinyl chloride) urinary catheters that elute ciprofloxacin and prevent bacteria adhesion. Int J Pharm2015; 488: 20–28.
6.
AljohiAAHassanHEGuptaRK. The efficacy of noble metal alloy urinary catheters in reducing catheter-associated urinary tract infection. Urol Ann2016; 8: 423–429.
7.
JingYMuBZhangM, et al.Zinc-loaded palygorskite nanocomposites for catheter coating with excellent antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties. Colloids Surf A2020; 600: 124965.
8.
LawrenceELTurnerIG. Materials for urinary catheters: a review of their history and development in the UK. Med Eng Phys2005; 27: 443–453.
9.
ShenJChenRWangJ, et al.One-step surface modification strategy with composition-tunable microgels: from bactericidal surface to cell-friendly surface. Colloids Surf B2022; 212: 112372.
10.
KeumHKimJYYuB, et al.Prevention of bacterial colonization on catheters by a one-step coating process involving an antibiofouling polymer in water. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces2017; 9: 19736–19745.
11.
KamalGDPfallerMARempeLE, et al.Reduced intravascular catheter infection by antibiotic bonding: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. JAMA1991; 265: 2364–2368.
12.
DivyaMKiranGSHassanS, et al.Biogenic synthesis and effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to combat catheter-related urinary tract infections. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol2019; 18: 101037.
13.
ZhangSLiangXGaddGM, et al.A sol–gel based silver nanoparticle/polytetrafluorethylene (AgNP/PTFE) coating with enhanced antibacterial and anti-corrosive properties. Appl Surf Sci2021; 535: 147675.
14.
WangBQuanYXuZ, et al.Preparation of highly effective antibacterial coating with polydopamine/chitosan/silver nanoparticles via simple immersion. Prog Org Coat2020; 149: 105967.
15.
MeekerDGJenkinsSVMillerEK, et al.Synergistic photothermal and antibiotic killing of biofilm-associated Staphylococcus aureus using targeted antibiotic-loaded gold nanoconstructs. ACS Infect Dis2016; 2: 241–250.
16.
KalaivaniSSinghRKGanesanV, et al.Effect of copper (Cu2+) inclusion on the bioactivity and antibacterial behavior of calcium silicate coatings on titanium metal. J Mater Chem B2014; 2: 846–858.
17.
PanacekAKvitekLPrucekR, et al.Silver colloid nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and their antibacterial activity. J Phys Chem B2006; 110: 16248–16253.
18.
DakalTCKumarAMajumdarRS, et al.Mechanistic basis of antimicrobial actions of silver nanoparticles. Front Microbiol2016; 7: 1831.
19.
SinghaPLocklinJHandaH. A review of the recent advances in antimicrobial coatings for urinary catheters, Acta Biomater2017; 50: 20–40.
20.
LeeHDellatoreSMMillerWM, et al.Mussel-inspired surface chemistry for multifunctional coatings. Science2007; 318: 426–430.
21.
LiYLiCYuR, et al.Application of polydopamine on the implant surface modification. Polym Bull2022; 79: 5613–5633.
22.
WangYHuangQHeX, et al.Multifunctional melanin-like nanoparticles for bone-targeted chemo-photothermal therapy of malignant bone tumors and osteolysis. Biomaterials2018; 183: 10–19.
23.
LyngeMEOgakiRLaursenAO, et al.Polydopamine/liposome coatings and their interaction with myoblast cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces2011; 3: 2142–2147.
24.
TsaiWBChenWTChienHW, et al.Poly (dopamine) coating of scaffolds for articular cartilage tissue engineering. Acta Biomater2011; 7: 4187–4194.
25.
ChenDZhaoLHuW. Protein immobilization and fluorescence quenching on polydopamine thin films. J Colloid Interface Sci2016; 477: 123–130.
26.
PostmaAYanYWangY, et al.Self-polymerization of dopamine as a versatile and robust technique to prepare polymer capsules. Chem Mater2009; 21: 3042–3044.
27.
YeroslavskyGRichmanMDawidowiczL, et al.Sonochemically produced polydopamine nanocapsules with selective antimicrobial activity. Chem Commun2013; 49: 5721–5723.
28.
LingDParkWParkYI, et al.Multiple-interaction ligands inspired by mussel adhesive protein: synthesis of highly stable and biocompatible nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed2011; 50: 11360–11365.
29.
McCloskeyBDParkHBJuH, et al.Influence of polydopamine deposition conditions on pure water flux and foulant adhesion resistance of reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, and microfiltration membranes. Polymer2010; 51: 3472–3485.
30.
HuangLYiJGaoQ, et al.Carboxymethyl chitosan functionalization of CPED-treated magnesium alloy via polydopamine as intermediate layer. Surf Coat Technol2014; 258: 664–671.
31.
XuJXuNZhouT, et al.Polydopamine coatings embedded with silver nanoparticles on nanostructured titania for long-lasting antibacterial effect. Surf Coat Technol2017; 320: 608–613.
32.
KuSHRyuJHongSK, et al.General functionalization route for cell adhesion on non-wetting surfaces. Biomaterials2010; 31: 2535–2541.
33.
LiuYAiKLiuJ, et al.Dopamine-melanin colloidal nanospheres: an efficient near-infrared photothermal therapeutic agent for in vivo cancer therapy. Adv Mater2013; 25: 1353–1359.
34.
ZhongSLuoRWangX, et al.Effects of polydopamine functionalized titanium dioxide nanotubes on endothelial cell and smooth muscle cell. Colloids Surf B2014; 116: 553–560.
35.
FanHGongJP. Fabrication of bioinspired hydrogels: challenges and opportunities. Macromolecules2020; 53: 2769–2782.
36.
YongYQiaoMChiuA, et al.Conformal hydrogel coatings on catheters to reduce biofouling. Langmuir2018; 35: 1927–1934.
37.
ChenZMoMFuF, et al.Antibacterial structural color hydrogels. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces2017; 9: 38901–38907.
38.
LiSDongSXuW, et al.Antibacterial hydrogels. Adv Sci2018; 5: 1700527.
39.
HanWZhouBYangK, et al.Biofilm-inspired adhesive and antibacterial hydrogel with tough tissue integration performance for sealing hemostasis and wound healing. Bioact Mater2020; 5: 768–778.
40.
WangLZhangXYangK, et al.A novel double-crosslinking-double-network design for injectable hydrogels with enhanced tissue adhesion and antibacterial capability for wound treatment. Adv Funct Mater2020; 30: 1904156.
41.
BuwaldaSJBoereKWDijkstraPJ, et al.Hydrogels in a historical perspective: from simple networks to smart materials. J Control Release2014; 190: 254–273.
42.
HamidiMAzadiARafieiP. Hydrogel nanoparticles in drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev2008; 60: 1638–1649.
43.
RudyAKuliashaCUruenaJ, et al.Lubricous hydrogel surface coatings on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Tribol Lett2017; 65: 3–11.
HuangXGeMWangH, et al.Functional modification of polydimethylsiloxane nanocomposite with silver nanoparticles-based montmorillonite for antibacterial applications. Colloids Surf A2022; 642: 128666.
46.
GhorpadeVSYadavAVDiasRJ, et al.Citric acid crosslinked carboxymethylcellulose-poly (ethylene glycol) hydrogel films for delivery of poorly soluble drugs. Int J Biol Macromol2018; 118: 783–791.
47.
YadollahiMNamaziHAghazadehM, et al.Antibacterial carboxymethyl cellulose/Ag nanocomposite hydrogels cross-linked with layered double hydroxides. Int J Biol Macromol2015; 79: 269–277.
48.
AradmehrAJavanbakhtV. A novel biofilm based on lignocellulosic compounds and chitosan modified with silver nanoparticles with multifunctional properties: synthesis and characterization. Colloids Surf A2020; 600: 124952.
49.
RotoRRasydtaHPSuratmanA, et al.Effect of reducing agents on physical and chemical properties of silver nanoparticles. Indones J Chem2018; 18: 614–620.
50.
SahaNSaaraiARoyN, et al.Polymeric biomaterial based hydrogels for biomedical applications. J Biomater Nanobiotechnol2011; 02: 85–90.
51.
CaiYLiuM. Corrosion behavior of titania films coated by liquid-phase deposition on AISI304 stainless steel substrates. AIChE J2012; 58: 1907–1920.
52.
MichalskiMHardyJSaramagoBJ. On the surface free energy of PVC/EVA polymer blends: comparison of different calculation methods. J Colloid Interface Sci1998; 208: 319–328.
NersisyanHHLeeJHSonHT, et al.A new and effective chemical reduction method for preparation of nanosized silver powder and colloid dispersion. Mater Res Bull2003; 38: 949–956.
55.
BoussuKVan der BruggenBVolodinA, et al.Roughness and hydrophobicity studies of nanofiltration membranes using different modes of AFM. J Colloid Interface Sci2005; 286: 632–638.
56.
ZhuJTangTHuC, et al.Cellulose nanocrystal assisted trace silver nitrate to synthesize green silver nanocomposites with antibacterial activity. RSC Adv2021; 11: 3808–3815.
57.
ChangXWangZQuanS, et al.Exploring the synergetic effects of graphene oxide (GO) and polyvinylpyrrodione (PVP) on poly (vinylylidenefluoride) (PVDF) ultrafiltration membrane performance. Appl Surf Sci2014; 316: 537–548.
58.
YuHLiuLLiX, et al.Fabrication of polylysine based antibacterial coating for catheters by facile electrostatic interaction. Chem Eng J2019; 360: 1030–1041.
59.
CristBV. Handbook of monochromatic XPS spectra: the elements of native oxides. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2000.
60.
CaiYLiSChengZG, et al.Facile fabrication of super-hydrophobic FAS modified electroless Ni-P coating meshes for rapid water-oil separation. Colloids Surf A2018; 540: 224–232.
61.
LiJWangGMengQ, et al.A biomimetic nano hybrid coating based on the lotus effect and its anti-biofouling behaviors. Appl Surf Sci2014; 315: 407–414.
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
