This study's aim consists of evaluating the adhesion and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from rat bone marrow on nanoparticle Titanium (Ti) surface. Hence, passage 3 MSCs were, respectively, seeded on nanoparticle Ti and pure Ti surfaces and then cultured for 32 h. Cell morphology and viability were separately examined by scanning electron microscopy and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazsol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Moreover, the mitotic rate of the attached MSCs was observed through immunocytochemistry. The real-time polymerase chain reaction was applied to determine the adhesion-associated messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), CD44 gene encoding variant isoform 6 (CD44 V6), and the integrinβ1 level. The results showed that MSCs performed better in faster extension on the nanoparticle Ti surface than on the pure Ti surface after culturing for 4 h, and were quicker in fusion patterns after 16 h. Furthermore, cell viability was significantly increased on the nanoparticle Ti surface compared to that of the pure Ti surface 16 h after initial seeding (p < 0.05), and the mitotic rate of attached MSCs on the nanoparticle Ti surface was higher than that on the pure Ti surface after 32 h (p < 0.05). More interestingly, the CD44 V6 and integrinβ1 mRNA in the nanoparticle Ti surface group expressed higher than that in the pure Ti surface group after 4 h (p < 0.05), and positive correlation between CD44 V6 and integrinβ1 was found through statistical analysis (correlation coefficient rs = 0.98, p < 0.05). Our study's result indicates that a nanoparticle Ti surface can significantly promote the adhesion and proliferation of MSCs, and also improve the bioactivity of Ti surface.
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