Microparticles of Poly methacrylic acid (P1) and novel semi-interpenetrating network composed of Poly methacrylic acid-alginate (P2) were prepared and their application in oral insulin delivery was evaluated. The microparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphological studies. Insulin loading onto the microparticles was performed by the diffusion filling method and insulin encapsulated microparticles were subjected to in vitro release study in buffer solution of pH 1.2 and 7.4. The release kinetics at pH 7.4 exhibited sustained release of insulin for more than 5 h in case of PMAA microparticles whereas burst release of insulin (90% of total insulin loaded) within 1 h of study was observed in the case of PMAA-alginate microparticles. At pH 1.2, around 30% of insulin loaded was released from both microparticles within 2 h of study.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
1. Ginsti, P., Lazzeri, L., Cascone, M.G., Barbani, N. and Cristallini, C. (1995). Polymer and Other Advanced Materials Emerging Tech. and Business Opportunity, pp. 563-569, Plenum Press, New York .
2.
2. Cascone, M.G. and Maltin, S. (1999). Hydrogel based on Chitosan and Dextran as Potential Drug Del. Systems , J. Mat. Sci.: Mat. in Medicine, 10: 301-307 .
3.
3. Chen, J., Seongbong, Jo and Park, K. (1997). Degradable Hydrogels, In: Handbook of Biodegradable Polymers, pp. 203-230, Harwood Aca. Pub., Netherlands .
4.
4. Beena, M.S., Chandy, T. and Sharma, C.P. (1995). Heparin Immobilized Chitosan-PEG Interpenetrating Network Anti Thrombogenicity , Art. Cells, Blood Subs., and Immob. Biotech., 23: 175-192 .
5.
5. Yuk, S.H., Cho, S.H. and Lee, H.B. (1995). pH Sensitive Drug Delivery System Using o/w Emulsion , J. Con. Rel., 37: 69-74 .
6.
6. Mi, F.L., Lin, Y.M., Wu, Y.B., Shyu, S.S. and Tsai, Y.H.(2002). Chitin/PLGA based Microspheres as Biodegradable Drug-delivery System: Phase-separation, Degradation and Release Behaviour , Biomaterials, 23: 3257-3267 .
7.
7. Paloma, M., Torre, De La and Torrando. S. (2003). Interpolymer Complexes of Poly AAc and Chitosan: Influence of the Ionic Hydrogel-forming Medium , Biomaterials, 24: 1459-1468 .
8.
8. Morishita, M., Anthony, M., Lowman, A. M., Takayama, K., Nagai, T. and Peppas, N.A. (2002). Eluc. of Incorparation of Insulin in Con. Rel. Systems based on Compl. Polymers , J. Con. Rel., 81: 25-32 .
9.
9. Lugo, M.T., Garcia, M., Recorel, R. and Peppas, N.A. (2002). Physic-chemical Behaviour and Cytotoxic Effects of P (MAA-g-EG) Nanospheres for Oral Delivery of Proteins , J. Con. Rel., 80: 197-205 .
10.
10. Bai., J.P.F., Chang, L.L. and Guo, J.H. (1995). Effect of Poly Acrylic Acid Polymers on Lumenal Proteolysis of Peptide Drugs in the Colon , J. Pharma Sci., 84: 1291-1294 .
11.
11. Ranjha, N.M. and Doelkar (1999). pH Sensitive Hydrogels for Site Specific Delivery. I. Swelling Behaviour of Crosslinked Copolymers of Acrylic Acid and Methacrylic Acid , S.T.P. Pharma, 9: 335-340 .
12.
12. Hari, P.R., Chandy, T. and Sharma, C.P. (1996). Chitosan/Calicum Alginate Beads for Oral Delivery of Insulin , J. Appli. Pol. Sci., 59: 1795-1801 .
13.
13. Gombotzb, W.R. and Wee, S.W. (1998). Protein Release from Alginate Matrices , Adv. Drug Delivery Review, 31: 267-285 .
14.
14. Dornish, M. (1999). Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications of Alginate and Achitosan , Biotech. Bioeng., 16: 23-40 .
15.
15. Hart, D.P. (1997). In: Moore, J.A. (ed.), Macromolecular Synthesis, Coll. Vol.: 23-25, Wiley, New York .
17. Woolfson, A.D., Malcolm, R.K., Mecarron, P.A. and Jones, D.S. (2002). Bioadhesive Drug Delivery System, In: Dumitrin, Severian (ed.), Polymeric Biomaterials, pp. 1063-1081, Marcel Dekker, New York .
18.
18. Bell, C.L. and Peppas, N.A. (1994). Poly (MAA-g-EG) Hydrogels as pH Responsive, Biomedical Materials , In: Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., Vol. 331, pp. 199-204 .
19.
19. Hasan, Christie M., Doyle, Drancis J. and Peppas, N.A. (1997). Dynamic Swelling Behaviour of Glucose Responsive P (MAA-g-EG) Hydrogels , Macromolecules, 30: 6166-6173 .
20.
20. Sinha, V.R. and Tehran, A. (2003). Biodegradable Microsphere for Protein Delivery , J. Con. Rel., 90: 261-280 .
21.
21. Bell, C.L. and Peppas, N.A. (1996). Water Solute and Protein Diffusion in Phy. Res. Hydrogels , Biomaterials, 17: 1203-1218 .
22.
22. Narayani, R. and Rao, K.P. (1995). Polymer Coated Gelatin Capsules as Oral Delivery Devices and their G. I. Tract Behaviour in Humans , J. Biomater. Sci. Polymer Ed., 7: 29-48 .
23.
23. Moriyama, K. and Yui, N. (1996). Regulated Insulin Release from Biodegradable Dextran Hydrogels Containing PEG , J. Con. Rel., 42: 237-248 .
24.
24. Wheatley, M.A., Chang, M., Park, E. and Langer, R. (1991). Coated Alginate Microspheres Factors Influencing the Controlled Delivery of Macromolecules , J. App. Poly. Sci., 43: 2123-2135 .
25.
25. Aelsen, F. and Peppas, N.A. (1999). Complexation Graft Copolymer Networks: Swelling Properties, Ca Binding and Proteolytic Enzyme Inhibition , Biomaterials, 20: 1701-1708 .
26.
26. Bai, J.P.F., Chang, H.L. and Guo, J.H. (1998). Effect of Poly Acrylic Polymers on Degradation of Insulin and Peptide Drugs by Trypsin and Chymotrypsin , J. Phrma. Pharmaco., 48: 17-21 .
27.
27. Ameye, D., Voorspeols, J., Foreman, P., Tsai, J., Richardson, P., Geresh, S. and Remon, J.P. (2001). Trypsin Inhibition, Calcium and Zinc Ion Binding of Starch-g-PAA Copolymer and Starch/PAA Mixtures for Peroral Peptide Drug Delivery , J. Con. Rel., 75: 357-364 .
28.
28. Borcharel, G., LueBen, H.L., DeBoer, A.G., Verheot., J.C., Lehr, C.M., Junginger, H.E. (1996). The Potential of Mucoadhesive Polymers in Enhancing Intestinal Peptide Drug Abs. III: Effects of Chitosan - Glutamate and Carbomer on Epithelial Tight Junctions in vitro , J. Con. Rel., 39: 131-137 .
