An Outcomes-Based Approach to Ventilatory Management: Review of Two Examples

Cook DJ , Sibbald WJ , Vincent JL, et al Evidence-based critical care medicine what is it and what can it do for us? Crit Care Med 1996,24 334-337

Committee on Outcomes Studies, American Society of Orthopaedic Surgeons (Eds) Fundamentals of outcome research Center for Research Department of Health Policy and Research Park Ridge, IL American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 1992 1-11

Kollef MH Outcomes research in the ICU setting is it worthwhile? Chest 1997,112 870-872

Kollef MH Outcomes research as a tool for defining the role of respiratory care practitioners in the intensive care unit setting New Honz 1998,6 91-98

Cohen IL , Lambrinos j Investigating the impact of age on the outcome of mechanical ventilation using a population of 41,848 patients from a statewide database Chest 1995, 107 1673-1680

Stauffer JL , Fayter NA , Graves B., et al Survival following mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure in adult men Chest 1993,104 1222-1229

Esteban A. , Frutos F. , Tobm MJ, et al A comparison of four methods of weaning patients from mechanical ventilation N Engl J Med 1995,332 345-350

Feeley TW , Hedley-Whyte J. Weaning from controlled ventilation and supplemental oxygen N Engl J Med 1975,292 903-906

Sahn SA , Lakshmmarayan S. Bedside criteria for discontinuation of mechanical ventilation Chest 1973,63·1002-1005

Pierson DJ Weaning from mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory failure concepts, indications and techniques Respir Care 1983 ,28 646-662

Stetson JB Introductory essay Int Anesthesiol Clin 1970 , 8 7667-7679

Morganroth ML , Morganroth JL , Nett LM et al Criteria for weaning from prolonged mechanical ventilation Arch Intern Med 1984 ,144 1012-1016

Krieger BP , Ershowsky PF , Becker DA, et al Evaluation of conventional criteria for predicting successful weaning from mechanical ventilatory support in elderly patients Crit Care Med 1989,17 858-861

Fiastro JF , Habib MP , Shon BY, et al Comparison of standard weaning parameters and the mechanical work of breathing in mechanically ventilated patients Chest 1988,94 232-238

Tahvanainen J. , Salmenpera M. , Nikki P. Extubation criteria after weaning from intermittent mandatory ventilation and continuous positive airway pressure Cnt Care Med 1983, 11 702-707

Whitelaw WA , Derenne JP Airway occlusion pressure J Appl Physiol 1993;74 1475-1483

Sassoon CS , Te TT , Mahutte CK, et al. Airway occlusion pressure an important indicator for successful weaning in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease Am Rev Respir Dis 1987,135 107-113

Capdevila XJ , Perrigault PF , Perey PJ, et al Occlusion pressure and its ratio to maximal inspiratory pressure are useful predictors for successful extubation following T-piece weaning trials Chest 1995 ,118 482-89

Yang KL Inspiratory pressure/maximal inspiratory pressure ratio a predictive index of weaning outcome Intensive Care Med 1993 ,19 204-208

Yang KL , Tobin MJ A prospective study of indexes predicting the outcome of trials of weaning from mechanical ventilation N Engl Med 1991 ,324 1445-1450

Epstein SK Etiology of extubation failure and the predictive value of the rapid shallow breathing index Am J Respir Cnt Care Med 1995,152 545-549

Chatila W. , Jacob B. , Guaglionone D., et al The unassisted respiratory rate tidal volume ratio accurately predicts weaning outcome Am J Med 1996,101 61-67

Epstem SK , Ciubotaru RL Influence of gender and endotracheal tube size on preextubation breathing pattern Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996,154 1647-1645

Ely EW , Baker AM , Dunagan DP, et al Effect on the duration of mechanical ventilation of identifying patients capable of breathing spontaneously N Engl J Med 1996,335 1864-1869

Brochard L. , Rauss A. , Benito S., et al Comparison of three methods of gradual withdrawal from ventilatory support during weaning from mechanical ventilation Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994,150 896-903

Lessard MR , Brouchard LJ Weaning from ventilatory support Clin Chest Med 1996,17 475-489

Manthous CA , Schmidt GA , Hall JB Liberation from mechanical ventilation A decade of progress Chest 1998 ,114 886-901

Ambrosmo N. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory failure [review] Eur Resp J 1996 ,9 795-807

Udwadia ZF , Santis GK , Steven MH, et al Nasal ventilation to facilitate weaning in patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency. Thorax 1992,47 715-718

Nava S. , Ambrosino N. , Clini E., et al Noninvasive mechanical ventilation in the weaning of patients with respiratory failure due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease A randomized, controlled trial Ann Intern Med 1998,128 721-728

Wysocki M. , Tric L. , Wolff MA, et al Noninvasive pressure support ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure Chest 1993;103 907-913

Kollef MH , Shapiro SD , Silver P., et al A randomized controlled trial of protocol-directed versus physician-directed weaning from mechanical ventilation Crit Care Med 1997, 25.567-574

Wood G. , MacLeod B. , Moffatt S. Weaning from mechanical ventilation physician-directed versus a respiratory-therapist-directed protocol Respir Care 1995,40 219-224

Rotello LC , Warren J. , Jastremski MS, et al A nurse-directed protocol using pulse oximetry to wean mechanically ventilated patients from toxic oxygen concentrations Chest 1992,102 1833-1835

Cohen IL Weaning from mechanical ventilation-the team approach and beyond Intensive Care Med 1994;20 317-318

Cohen IL , Ban N. , Strosberg MA, et al Reduction of duration and cost of mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit by use of a ventilatory management team Crit Care Med 1991,19 1278-1284

Dojat M. , Harf A. , Touchard D., et al Evaluation of a knowledge-based system providing ventilatory management and decision for extubation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996, 153 997-1004

Kollef MH , Levy NT , Ahrens TS, et al The use of continuous i v sedation is associated with prolongation of mechanical ventilation Chest 1998,114 541-548

Devlin JW , Hollbrook AM , Fuller JD The effect of ICU sedation guidelines and pharmacist interventions on clinical outcomes and drug cost Ann Pharmacother 1997 ,31 689-695

Watling SM , Johnson M. , Yanos J.A. method to produce sedation in critically ill patients Ann Pharmacother 1997, 30 127-131

Cheng DC , Karski J. , Peniston C., et al Morbidity outcome in early versus conventional tracheal extubation after coronary artery bypass grafting a prospective randomized controlled trial J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1996,112 755-764

Brook AD , Ahrens TS , Schaiff R., et al Effects of a sedation protocol on ICU length of stay Crit Care Med, in press

Sugerman HJ , Wolfe L. , Pasquale MD, et al Multicenter, randomized, prospective trial of early tracheostomy J Trauma 1997,43 741-747

Rodriguez JL , Steinberg SM , Luchetti FA, et al Early tracheostomy for primary airway management in the surgical critical care setting Surgery 1990,108 655-659

Koh WY , Lew TW , Chin NM, et al Tracheostomy in a neuro-intensive care setting indications and timing Anaesth Intensive Care 1997;25 365-368

Lesnik I. , Rappaport W. , Fulginiti J., et al The role of early tracheostomy in blunt, multiple organ trauma Am Surg 1992,58 346-349

Blot F. , Guiguet M. , Antoun S., et al Early tracheostomy in neutropemc, mechanically ventilated patients rationale and results of a pilot study Support Care Cancer 1995,3 291-296

Bishop MJ The timing of tracheostomy an evolving consensus Chest 1989,96 712-713

Heffner JE Timing of tracheotomy in mechanically ventilated patients Am Rev Respir Dis 1993,147 768-771

Plummer AL , Gracey DR Consensus conference on artificial airways in patients receiving mechanical ventilation Chest 1989,96 178-180

Marsh HM , Gillespie DJ , Baumgartner AE Timing of tracheostomy in the critically ill patient. Chest 1989,96.190-193

Maziak DE , Meade MO , Todd TR The timing of tracheotomy a systematic review Chest 1998,114 605-609

Heffner JE Timing of tracheotomy Calendar watching or individualization of care Chest 1998,114 361-363

Gracey DR , Viggiano RW , Naessens JM, et al Outcomes of patients admitted to a chronic ventilator-dependent unit in an acute-care hospital Mayo Clin Proc 1992 ,67 131-136

Milberg JA , Davis DR , Stemberg KP, et al Improved survival of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) JAMA 1995,273.306-309

Gattinoni L. , Pelosi P. , Crotti S., et al Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on regional distribution of tidal volume and recruitment in adult respiratory distress syndrome Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995,151 1807-1814

Artigas A. , Bernard GR , Carlet J., et al The American-European consensus conference on ARDS, part 2 Am J Respir Cnt Care Med 1998,157 1332-1347

Fu Z. , Costello ML , Tsukimoto K., et al High lung volume increases stress failure in pulmonary capillaries J Appl Physiol 1992,73 123-133

Carlton DP , Cummings jj , Scheerer RG, et al Lung overexpansion increases pulmonary microvascular protein permeability in young lambs J Appl Physiol 1990,69.577-583

Tsumo K. , Prato P. , Kolobow T. Acute lung injury from mechanical ventilation at moderately high airway pressures J Appl Physiol 1990,69 956-961

Parker JC , Hernandez LA , Longenecker GL, et al Lung edema caused by high peak inspiratory pressures in dogs role of increased microvascular filtration pressure and permeability Am Rev Respir Dis 1990,42 321-328

Amato MB , Barbas CS , Medeiros DM, et al Beneficial effects of the "open-lung approach" with low distending pressures in acute respiratory distress syndrome A prospective randomized study on mechanical ventilation Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995,152 1835-1846

Webb HH , Tierney DF Experimental pulmonary edema due to intermittent positive pressure ventilation with high inflation pressures protection by positive end-expiratory pressure Am Rev Respir Dis 1974,110 556-565

Muscedere JG , Mullen JB , Gan K., et al Tidal ventilation at low airway pressures can augment lung injury Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994,149 1327-1334

Dreyfuss D. , Soler P. , Basset G., et al High inflation pressure pulmonary edema respective effects of high airway pressure, high tidal volume and positive end-expiratory pressure Am Rev Respir Dis 1988,137 1159-1164

Dreyfuss D. , Saumon G. Barotrauma is volutrauma but which volume is the one responsible? Intensive Care Med 1992,18 139-141

Edmonds HL , Spohr RW , Finnegan RF, et al Indomethacin pre-treatment in continuous positive-pressure ventilation Crit Care Med 1981,9 524-529

Tremblay L. , Valenza, F. , Ribeiro SP, et al Injurious ventilatory strategies increase cytokines and c- fos m-RNA expression in an isolated rat lung model J Clin Invest 1997;99 944-952

Sugiura M. , McCulloch PR , Wren S., et al Ventilator pattern influences neutrophil influx and activation in atelectasisprone rabbit lung J Appl Physiol 1994,77 1355-1365

Tilson MD , Bunke MC , Smith GJ, et al Quantitative bacteriology and pathology of the lung in experimental pseudomonas pneumonia treated with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) Surgery 1977,82 133-140

Johanson WG Jr , Higuchi JH , Woods DE, et al Dissemination of Pseudomonas aeruginosa during lung infection m hamsters role of oxygen-induced lung injury Am Rev Respir Dis 1985,132 358-361

Nahum A. , Hoyt J. , Schmitz L., et al Effect of mechanical ventilation strategy on dissemination of intratracheally instilled Escherichia coli m dogs Crit Care Med 1997,25 1733-1743

Marini jj , Culver BH Systemic gas embolism complicating mechanical ventilation in the adult respiratory distress syndrome Ann Intern Med 1989,110 699-703

Gregory GA , Tooley WH Gas embolism in hyaline-membrane disease N Engl J Med 1970,282 1141-1142

Roupie E. , Dambrosio G. , Servillo H., et al Titration of tidal volume reduction and induced hypercapma in acute respiratory distress syndrome Am J Respir Cnt Care Med 1995, 152 121-128

Marini JJ Evolving concepts in the ventilatory management of acute respiratory distress syndrome Clin Chest Med 1996,17 555-575

Hickling KG , Henderson SJ , Jackson R. Low mortality associated with low-volume, pressure-limited ventilation with permissive hypercapnia in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome Intensive Care Med 1990,16 372-377

Hickling KG , Walsh J. , Henderson S., et al Low mortality rate in adult respiratory distress syndrome using low-volume, pressure-limited ventilation with permissive hypercapnia a prospective study Crit Care Med 1994,22 1568-1578

Cole AG , Weller SF , Sykes MK Inverse ratio ventilation compared with PEEP in adult respiratory failure Intensive Care Med 1984,10 227-232

Rappaport SH , Shpmer R. , Yoshihara G., et al Randomized prospective trial of pressure-limited versus volume-controlled ventilation in severe respiratory failure Cnt Care Med 1994,22 22-32

Amato MB , Barbas CS , Medeiros DM, et al Effect of a protective-ventilation strategy on mortality in the acute respiratory distress syndrome N Engl J Med 1998,388 347-354

Stewart TE , Meade MD , Cook DJ, et al Evaluation of a ventilation strategy to prevent barotrauma in patients at high risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome Pressure-and Volume-Limited Ventilation Study Group N Engl J Med 1998 ,338 355-361

Brochard L. , Roudot-Thoraval, F. , Roupie E., et al Tidal volume reduction for prevention of ventilator-induced lung injury in acute respiratory distress syndrome Am J Respir Cnt Care Med 1998,158 1831-1838

Carlon GC , Howland WS , Ray C., et al High-frequency jet ventilation A prospective randomized evaluation Chest 1983,84 551

Fort P. , Farmer C. , Westerman J., et al High-frequency oscillatory ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome—a pilot study Cnt Care Med 1997,25 937-947

Belghith M. , Fierobe L. , Brunet F., et al Is tracheal gas insufflation an alternative to extrapulmonary gas exhangers in severer ARDS? Chest 1995,107 1416-1419

Ravenscraft SA , Burke WC , Nahum A., et al Tracheal gas insufflation augments CO2 clearance during mechanical ventilation Am Rev Respir Crit Care Med 1993,148 345-351

Nahum A. , Shapiro R. Adjuncts to mechanical ventilation Clin Chest Med 1996,17 491-511

Morris AH , Wallace CJ , Menlove RL, et al Randomized clinical trial of pressure-controlled inverse ratio ventilation and extracorporeal CO2 removal for acute respiratory distress syndrome Am J Respir Cnt Care Med 1994,149 295-305

Roissaint R. , Falke KJ , Lopez F., et al Inhaled nitric oxide for the acute respiratory distress syndrome N Engl J Med 1993,328.399-405

Frostell CG , Blomqvist H. , Hedenstierna G., et al Inhaled nitric oxide selectively reverses human hypoxic vasoconstnction without causing systemic vasodilation Anesthesiology 1993,78 427-435

Chollet-Martm S. , Gatecel C. , Kermarrec N., et al Alveolar neutrophil functions and cytokme levels in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome during nitric oxide inhalation Am J Respir Cnt Care Med 1996,153 985-990

Dellinger RP , Zimmerman JL , Taylor RW, et al Effects of inhaled nitric oxide in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome results of a randomized phase II trial Inhaled Nitric Oxide in ARDS Study Group Crit Care Med 1998,26 15-23

Matthay MA , Pittet JF , Jayr C. Just say NO to inhaled nitric oxide for the acute respiratory distress syndrome [editorial] Crit Care Med 1998,26 1-2

Zapol WM Nitric oxide inhalation in acute respiratory distress syndrome it works, but can we prove it? Cnt Care Med 1998,26 2-3

Kemmmg GI , Merkel MJ , Schallerer A., et al Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) for the treatment of early allograft failure after lung transplantation Munich Lung Transplant Group Intensive Care Med 1998;24 1173-1180

Meyer KC , Love RB , Zimmerman JJ The therapeutic potential of nitric oxide in lung transplantation [review] Chest 1998,113 1360-1371

Date H. , Triantafillou AN , Trulock EP, et al Inhaled NO reduces human lung allograft dysfunction J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1996,111 913-919

Van Heerden PV , Blythe D. , Webb SA Inhaled aerosolized prostacycline and nitric oxide as selective pulmonary vasodilators in ARDS—a pilot study Anaesth Intensive Care 1996,24.564-568

Ruthensen C. , Hormann C. , Klemsasser A., et al Cardiopulmonary effects of aerosolized prostaglandin E1 and nitric oxide inhalation in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome Am J Respir Cnt Care Med 1998,157 1743-1747

Croce AM , Fabian TC , Patton JH, et al Partial liquid ventilation decreases the inflammatory response in the alveolar environment of trauma patients J Trauma 1998 ,45 273-280

Hirschl RB , Pranikoff T. , Wise C., et al Initial experience with partial liquid ventilation in adult patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome JAMA 1996,275 383-389

Bryan AC Comments of a devil's advocate Am Rev Respir Dis 1974,110 (suppl) 143-144

Albert RK One good turn Intensive Care Med 1994 , 20 247-248

Langer M. , Mascheroni D. , Marcolin R., et al The prone position in ARDS patients A clinical study Chest 1988,94 103-107

Chatte G. , Sab JM , Dobois M., et al Prone position in mechanically ventilated patients with severe acute respiratory failure Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997,155 47-48

Lamm WJ , Graham MM , Albert RK Mechanism by which the prone position improves oxygenation in acute lung injury Am J Respir Cnt Care Med 1994 ,150 184-193

Wiener-Kromsh JP , Gropper MA , Lai-Fook SJ Pleural liquid pressures in dogs measured using a rib capsule J Appl Physiol 1985,56 1633-1639

Mutoh J. , Lamm WJ , Embree LJ, et al Abdominal distension alters regional pleural pressures and chest wall mechanics in pigs in vivo J Appl Physiol 1991,70·2611-2618

Mutoh J. , Guest RJ , Lamm WJ, et al Prone position alters the effect of volume overload on regional pleural pressures and improves hypoxemia in pigs in vivo Am Rev Respir Dis 1992,146 300-306

Gattinoni L. , Pelosi P. , Vitale G., et al Body position changes redistributive lung computed tomographic density in patients with acute respiratory failure Anesthesiology 1991, 74 15-23

Pappert D. , Roissaint R. , Slama K., et al Influence of positionmg on ventilation-perfusion relationships in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome Chest 1994,106 1511-1516

Broccard A. , Marini JJ Effect of posture and position on the respiratory system In Vmcent JL, ed Yearbook of intensive care and emergency medicine New York Springer-Verlag, 1996 165-184

Stocker R. , Neff T. , Stein S., et al Prone positioning and low-volume pressure-limited ventilation improve survival in patients with severe ARDS Chest 1997,111 1008-1017

Albert RK The prone position in acute respiratory distress syndrome where we are, and where do we go from here Crit Care Med 1997 ,25 1453-1454

Schuster DP , Kollef MH Acute respiratory distress syndrome Dis Mon 1996,42 270-326

Kollef MH Improving outcomes in the ICU setting are we effectively using all of the information that is potentially available to us? [editorial] Chest 1999,115 1490-1492

Knaus WA , Wagner DP , Zimmerman JE, et al Vanations in mortality and length of stay in intensive care units Ann Intern Med 1993,118 753-761

Rapoport J. , Teres D. , Lemeshow S., et al A method for assessing the clinical performance and cost-effectiveness of intensive care units a multicenter inception cohort study Crit Care Med 1994 ,22 1385-1391

Giraud T. , Dhainaut JF , Vaxelaire JF, et al Iatrogenic complications in adult intensive care units a prospective two-center study Cnt Care Med 1993,21 40-51

Joiner GA , Salisbury D. , Bollin GE Utilizing quality assurance as a tool for reducing the risk of nosocornial ventilator-associated pneumonia Am J Med Qual 1996,11 100-103

Kelleghan SI , Salemi C. , Padilla S., et al An effective continuous quality improvement approach to the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia Am J Infect Control 1993, 21 322-330

Pitimana-aree S. , Forrest D. , Brown G., et al Implementation of a clinical practice guideline for stress ulcer prophylaxis increases appropriateness and decreases cost of care Intensive Care Med 1998,24 217-223