Analytic Reviews : Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis: A Practical Approach

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Cook DJ , Witt LG , Cook RJ , et al Stress ulcer prophylaxis in the cntically ill a meta-analysis . Am J Med 1991;91:519-527

Cook D. , Guyatt G. , Marshall J. , et al A companson of sucralfate and ranitidine for the prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients requiring mechanical ventilation N Engl J Med 1998,338:791-797

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Tryba M. Risk of acute stress bleeding and nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated intensive care unit patients: sucralfate versus antacids Am J Med 1987,83(suppl 3B) 117-124

Hastings PR , Skillman JJ , Bushnell LS , et al Antacid titration in the prevention of acute gastrointestinal bleeding a controlled, randomized tnal in 100 critically ill patients N Engl J Med 1978,298:1041-1045

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Estruch R. , Pedrol E. , Castells A. , et al Prophylaxis of gastromtestinal tract bleeding with magaldrate in patients admitted to a general hospital ward. Scand J Gastroenterol 1991,26: 819-826

Zinner MJ , Zuidema GD , Smith PL , et al The prevention of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding in patients in an intensive care unit Surg Gynecol Obstet 1981;153 214-220

Zandstra DF , Stoutenbeek CP The virtual absence of stress-ulceration related bleeding in ICU patients receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation without any prophylaxis A prospective cohort study [see comments] Intensive Care Med 1994,20.335-340

Ben-Menachem T. , Fogel R. , Patel RV , et al Prophylaxis for stress-related gastnc hemorrhage in the medical intensive care unit A randomized, controlled, single-blind study Ann Intern Med 1994;121 568-575

Tryba M. Sucralfate versus antacids or H2-antagonists for stress ulcer prophylaxis a meta-analysis on efficacy and pneumonia rate Crit Care Med 1991,19:942-949

Tryba M. Prophylaxis of stress ulcer bleeding A meta-analysis J Clin Gastroenterol 1991,13(suppl 2) S44-S55

Shuman RB , Schuster DP , Zuckerman GR Prophylactic therapy for stress bleeding: a reappraisal Ann Intern Med 1987, 106 562-567

Cook DJ , Reeve BK , Guyatt GH , et al Stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients Resolving discordant meta-analyses JAMA 1996,275 308-314

Pingleton SK , Hadzima SK Enteral alimentation and gastromtestmal bleeding in mechanically ventilated patients Cnt Care Med 1983,11 13-16

Ephgrave KS , Kleiman-Wexler RL , Adair CG Enteral nutnents prevent stress ulceration and increase mtragastnc volume Crit Care Med 1990,18 621-624

Mabogunje OA , Andrassy RJ , Isaacs H. , et al The role of a defined formula diet m the prevention of stress-induced gastnc mucosal injury m the rat J Pediatr Surg 1981,16 1036-1039

Shorr LD , Sinnek KR , Page CP , et al The role of glucose in preventing stress gastnc mucosal injury J Surg Res 1984,36 384-388

Bonten MJ , Gaillard CA , van Tiel FH , et al Continuous enteral feeding counteracts preventive measures for gastnc colonization in intensive care unit patients Cnt Care Med 1994,22 939-944

Spliker CA , Hinthorn DR , Pingleton SK Intermittent enteral feeding in mechanically ventilated patients The effect on gastnc pH and gastnc cultures Chest 1996 ,110 243-248

Raff T. , Germann G. , Hartmann B. The value of early enteral nutrition in the prophylaxis of stress ulceration in the severely burned patient Burns 1997,23:313-318

Valentine RJ , Turner WW , Borman K. , et al Does nasoenteral feeding afford adequate gastroduodenal stress prophylaxis? Cnt Care Med 1986,14 599-601

Cook DJ , Lame LA , Guyatt GH , et al Nosocomial pneumonia and the role of gastric pH A meta-analysis . Chest 1991,100 7-13

Bonten Mjm , Gaillard CA , van Tiel FH , et al The stomach is not a source for colonization of the upper respiratory tract and pneumonia in ICU patients Chest 1994,105 878-884

Bonten Mjm , Gaillard CA , van der Geest S. , et al The role of mtragastnc acidity and stress ulcus prophylaxis on colonization and infection in mechanically ventilated ICU patients Am J Respir Cnt Care Med 1995,152 1825-1834

Garrouste-Orgeas M. , Chevret S. , Arlet G. , et al Oropharyngeal or gastnc colonization and nosocomial pneumonia in adult intensive care unit patients. Am J Respir Cnt Care Med 1997, 156 1647-1655

Bonten Mjm , Gaillard CA , De Leeuw PW , et al Role of colonization of the upper intestinal tract in the pathogenesis of ventilator-associated pneumonia Clin Infect Dis 1997,24 309-319

Dnks MR , Craven DE , Celli BR , et al Nosocomial pneumonia in intubated patients given sucralfate as compared with antacids or histamine type 2 blockers The role of gastnc colonization N Engl J Med 1987,317 1376-1382

Kappstem I. , Schulgen G. , Freidrich T. , et al Incidence of pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients treated with sucralfate or cimetidine as prophylaxis for stress bleeding bacterial colonization of the stomach Am J Med 1991, 91(suppl 2A) 125S-131S

Eddleston JM , Vohra A. , Scott P. , et al A companson of the frequency of stress ulceration and secondary pneumonia in sucralfate- or ranitidine-treated intensive care unit patients Cnt Care Med 1991,19 1491-1496

Simms HH , DeMaria E. , McDonald L. , et al Role of gastric colonization in the development of pneumonia in cntically ill trauma patients results of a prospective randomized tnal J Trauma 1991,31 531-537

Apte NM , Karnad DR , Medhekar TP , et al Gastric colonization and pneumonia in intubated cntically ill patients receiving stress ulcer prophylaxis a randomized, controlled tnal Cnt Care Med 1992,20 590-593

Pickworth KK , Falcone RE , Hoogeboom JE , et al Occurrence of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated trauma patients a companson of sucralfate and ranitidine Cnt Care Med 1993,21 1856-1862

Martin LF , Booth Fvm , Karlstadt RG , et al Continuous intravenous cimetidine decreases stress-related upper gastromtestmal hemorrhage without promoting pneumonia Cnt Care Med 1993,21 19-30

Fabian TC , Boucher BA , Croce MA , et al Pneumonia and stress ulceration in severely injured patients. A prospective evaluation of the effects of stress ulcer prophylaxis [see comments] Arch Surg 1993,128 185-191

Ryan P. , Dawson J. , Teres D. , et al Nosocomial pneumonia during stress ulcer prophylaxis with cimetidme and sucralfate Arch Surg 1993,128 1353-1357

Prod'hom G. , Leuenberger P. , Koerfer J. , et al Nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients receiving antacid, ranitidine, or sucralfate as prophylaxis for stress ulcer a randomized controlled tnal. Ann Intern Med 1994; 120 653-662

Cioffi WG , McManus AT , Rue LW , et al Companson of acid neutralizing and non-acid neutralizing stress ulcer prophylaxis in thermally injured patients J Trauma 1994,36 541-547

Sirvent JM , Verdaguer R. , Ferrer MJ , et al Mechanical ventilation-associated pneumonia and the prevention of stress ulcer A randomized clinical trial of antacids and ranitidine versus sucralfate Med Clin (Barc) 1994,102 407-411

Bonten MJ , Gaillard CA , van der Geest S. , et al. The role of intragastric acidity and stress ulcus prophylaxis on colonization and infection in mechanically ventilated ICU patients A stratified, randomized, double-blind study of sucralfate versus antacids Am J Respir Cnt Care Med 1995,152 1825-1834

Thomason MH , Payseur ES , Hakenewerth AM , et al Nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated trauma patients during stress ulcer prophylaxis with sucralfate, antacid, and ranitidine J Trauma 1996,41 503-508

Simms HH Gastric alkalinization does not increase the risk of pneumonia in cntically ill patients Semm Respir Infect 1994,9 222-227

Tryba M. , Cook DJ Gastric alkalinization, pneumonia, and systemic infections the controversy Scand J Gastroenterol 1995,30(suppl 210) 53-59

Cook DJ Stress ulcer prophylaxis gastrointestinal bleeding and nosocomial pneumonia best evidence synthesis. Scand J Gastroenterol 1995,30(suppl 210) 48-52

Shulman NR , Reid DM Platelet immunology In: Colman RW , Hirsh J , Marder VJ, et al , eds Hemostasis and thrombosis basic principles and clinical practice, 3rd ed Philadelphia Lippincott, 1994 414-468

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Bonten Mjm , Gaillard CA , Wouters Efm , et al Problems in diagnosing nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients a review Cnt Care Med 1994,22 1683-1691

Tryba M. , Cook D. Current guidelines on stress ulcer prophylaxis Drugs 1997;54 581-596

Baghaie AA , Mojtahedzadeh M. , Levine RL , et al Companson of the effect of intermittent administration and continuous infusion of famotidme on gastnc pH in cntically ill patients. results of a prospective, randomized, crossover study Crit Care Med 1995,23 687-691

Heiselman DE , Hulisz DT , Fncker R. , et al. Randomized comparison of gastnc pH control with intermittent and continuous intravenous infusion of famotidine in ICU patients Am J Gastroenterol 1995,90 277-279

Zinner MJ , Rypins EB , Martin LR , et al Misoprostol versus antacid titration for preventing stress ulcers in postoperative ICU patients Ann Surg 1989 ,210 590-595

Tryba M. , Kurz-Muller K. , Donner B. Plasma aluminum concentrations in long-term mechanically ventilated patients receiving stress ulcer prophylaxis with sucralfate. Cnt Care Med 1994,22 1769-1773

McCarthy DM Sucralfate N Engl J Med 1991,325.1017-1025

Rees Wdw Mechanisms of gastroduodenal protection by sucralfate Am J Med 1991;91(suppl 2A) 58S-63S

Segal R. , Russell WL , Oh T. , Ben-Joseph R. Use of I V cimetidme, ranitidine, and famotidine in 40 hospitals Am J Hosp Pharm 1993,50 2077-2081

Humphnes TJ , Myerson RM , Gifford LM , et al A unique postmarket outpatient surveillance program of cimetidine report on phase II and final summary Am J Gastroenterol 1984,79 593-596

Ben-Joseph R. , Segal R. , Russell WL Risk for adverse events among patients receiving intravenous histamme2-receptor antagonists Ann Pharmacother 1993,27.1532-1537

Matthews SJ , Michelson PA , Cersosimo RJ Cimetidine-induced sinus bradycardia. Clin Pharmacol 1982,11:556-558

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Kakimoto R. , Mogi Y. , Kura T. , et al Hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia induced by cimetidine. recurrence with ranitidine administration Jpn J Clin Hematol 1997,38 124-128

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Bader A. , Carngan T. , Gopalswamy N. , et al Reversible hematologic suppression during ranitidine treatment [letter] Drug Intell Clin Pharm 1989,23.508-509

Gafter U. , Zevin D. , Komlos L. , et al Thrombocytopenia associated with hypersensitivity to ranitidine possible cross-reactivity with cimetidine. Am J Gastroenterol 1989,84 560-562

Gibson PR , Pidcock ME Immune-mediated thrombocytopema associated with ranitidine therapy [letter] . Med J Aust 1986,145 661-662

Spychal RT , Wickham NW Thrombocytopenia associated with ranitidine Br Med J Clin Res Ed 1985;291 1687-1684

Jensen DM , Cheng S. , Kovacs TO , et al A controlled study of ranitidine for the prevention of recurrent hemorrhage from duodenal ulcer. N Engl J Med 1994,330 382-386

Aymard JP , Aymard B. , Netter P. , et al Haematological adverse effects of histamine H2-receptor antagonists Med Toxicol Adverse Drug Exp 1988,3 430-448