Lemense GP,Sahn SA..Safety and value of thoracentesis in medical ICU patients.J Intensive Care Med. 1998;13:144-148
2.
Bartter B,Mayo PD,Pratter MR.Lower risk and higher yield for thoracentesis when performed by experienced operators.Chest. 1993;103:1873-1876
3.
Grogan DR,Irwin RS,Channick R.Complications associated with thoracentesis. A prospective, randomized study comparing three different methods.Arch Intern Med. 1990;150:873-877
Seneff MG,Corwin RW,Gold LH.Complications associated with thoracocentesis.Chest. 1986;90:97-100
6.
Guidelines for thoracentesis and needle biopsy of the pleura.Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989;140:257-258
7.
Raptopoulos V,Davis LM,Lee G.Factors affecting the development of pneumothorax associated with thoracentesis.Am J Roentgenol. 1991;156:917-920
8.
Grogan DR,Irwin RS..Risk of thoracentesis (letter).Ann Intern Med. 1991;114:431
9.
Brandstetter RD,Karetzky M,Rastogi R.Pneumothorax after thoracentesis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Heart Lung. 1994;23:67-70
10.
Swinburne AJ,Bixby K,Fedullo AJ.Pneumothorax after thoracentesis Getter).Arch Intern Med. 1991;151:2095
11.
Roth BJ,Cragun WH,Grathwohl KWA..Complications associated with thoracentesis.Arch Intern Med. 1991;151:2095-2096
12.
Rohlfing BM,Webb WR,Schlobohm RM..Ventilator-related extra-alveolar air in adults.Radiology. 1976;121:25-31
13.
Cullen DJ,Caldera DL..The incidence of ventilator-induced pulmonary barotrauma in critically ill patients.Anesthesiology. 1979;50:185-190
14.
Gammon RB,Shin MS,Buchalter SE..Pulmonary barotrauma in mechanical ventilation. Patterns and risk factors.Chest. 1992;102:568-572
15.
De Latorre FJ,Tomasa A,Klamburg J.Incidence of pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum in patients with aspiration pneumonia requiring ventilatory support.Chest. 1977;72:141-144
16.
Petersen GW,Baier H..Incidence of pulmonary barotrauma in a medical ICU.Crit Care Med. 1983;11:67-69
17.
Kollef MH..Risk factors for the misdiagnosis of pneumothorax in the intensive care unit.Crit Care Med. 1991;19:906-910
18.
Zwillich CW,Pierson DJ,Creagh CE.Complications of assisted ventilation. A prospective study of 354 consecutive episodes.Am J Med. 1974;57:161-170
19.
Gervais DA,Petersein A,Lee MJ.US-guided thoracentesis: Requirement for postprocedure chest radiography in patients who receive mechanical ventilation versus patients who breathe spontaneously.Radiology. 1997;204:503-506
20.
Tocino IM,Miller MH,Fairfax WR..Distribution of pneumothorax in the supine and semirecumbent critically ill adult.Am J Roentgenol. 1985;144:901-905
21.
Haake R,Schlichtig R,Ulstad DR.Barotrauma. Pathophysiology, risk factors, and prevention.Chest. 1987;91:608-613
22.
Enderson FL,Abdalla R,Frame SB.Tube thoracostomy for occult pneumothorax: A prospective randomized study of its use.J Trauma. 1993;35:726-730
23.
Light RW..Tension pneumothorax.Intensive Care Med. 1994;20:468-469
24.
Mccartney JP,Adams JW,Hazard PB..Safety of thoracentesis in mechanically ventilated patients.Chest. 1993;103:1920-1921
25.
Gowin JE,Sahn SA..Thoracentesis: A safe procedure in mechanically ventilated patients.Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:800-802