Ischemic Acidosis: Not a Simple Disorder

Membrane transport of small molecules and the ionic basis of membrane excitability. In: Alberts B Bray D Lewis J , eds. The molecular biology of the cell, ed 3. New York: Garland Publishing, 1994;518–519.

Bircher NG . Acid-base physiology during advanced cardiac life support. In Anesthesiol Clin North Am 1995;13:799–608.

Eleff SM Sugimoto H Schaffner DH RC Acidemia and brain pH during prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dogs. Stroke 1995;26:1028–1034.

Hurn PD Traystman RJ . pH-associated brain injury in cerebral ischemia and circulatory arrest. J Intensive Care Med 1996;11:205–218.

Thomas RC . Proton channels in snail neurons. Does calcium entry mimic the effects of proton influx? Ann NY Acad Sci 1989;574:287–293.

Ankarcrona M Dypbukt JM Bonfoco E Glutamate-induced neuronal death: A succession of necrosis or apoptosis depending on mitochondrial function. Neuron 1995;15:961–973.

Lehninger AL Nelson DL Cox MM . Principles of biochemistry, ed 2. New York; Worth Publishers, 1993;404.

Bircher N Safar P. Cerebral preservation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Crit Care Med 1985;13:185–190.

Guerci AD Chandra N Johnson E Failure of sodium bicarbonate to improve resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation in dogs. Circulation 1986;74(suppl IV):IV-75–IV-79.

Cummins RO Graves JR . Clinical results of standard CPR: prehospital and inhospital. In Kaye W Bircher NG , eds. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1989:87–102.

Bircher NG . Physiology and pharmacology of standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In: Kaye W Bircher NG , eds. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1989;55–86.

Edmonds-Seal J. Acid-base studies after cardiac arrest. A report of 64 cases. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Suppl 1966;23:235–241.

Redding JS Pearson JW . Metabolic acidosis: A factor in cardiac resuscitation. South Med J 1967;60:926–932.

Chazan JA Stenson R Kurland GS . The acidosis of cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 1968;278:360–364.

Henneman PL Gruber JE Marx JA . Development of acidosis in human beings during closed-chest and open-chest CPR. Ann Emerg Med 1988;17:672–675.

Ornato JP Gonzalez ER Coyne MR Arterial pH in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: Response time as a determinant of acidosis. Am J Emerg Med 1985;3:498–502.

Weaver WD Fahrenbnich CE Johnson DD Effect of epinephrine and lidocaine therapy on outcome after cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation. Circulation 1990;82:2027–2034.

Kirimli B Harris LC Safar P. Sodium bicarbonate and epinephrine in cardiac resuscitation. Anesthesiology 1964;25:105.

Redding JS Pearson JW . Resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation. Drug therapy. JAMA 1968;203:255–260.

Ledingham IMCA Norman JN Acid-base studies in experimental cardiac arrest. Lancet 1962;2:967–969.

Haigney MCP Lakatts EG Stern MD Silverman HS . Sodium channel blockade reduces hypoxic sodium loading and sodium-dependent calcium loading. Circulation 1994;90:391–399.

Weissberg PL Little PJ Cragoe EJ Bobik A. The pH of spontaneously beating cultured rat heart cells is regulated by an ATP-calmodulin-dependent Na+/H+ antiport. Circ Res 1989;64:676–585.

Montrose MH Murer H. Kinetics of Na+/H exchange. In: Grinstein S ; ed. Na/H exchange. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1988;57–75.

Kalimo H Rehncrona S Soderfeldt B Brain lactic acidosis and ischemic cell damage: 2. Histopathology. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1981;1:313–327.

Barry MA Eastman A. Endonuclease activation during apoptosis: The role of cytosolic Ca2+ and pH. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992;186:782–789.

Barry MA Reynolds JE Eastman A. Etoposide-induced apoptosis in human HL-60 cells is associated with intracellular acidification. Cancer Res 1993;53:2349–2357.