DamH.The antihaemorrhagic vitamin of the chick. Nature1935;135:652–653.
2.
BarkhanPShearerMJ.Metabolism of vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) in man. Proc Soc Med1977;70:93–96.
3.
ShearerMJ.Vitamin K and vitamin K-dependent proteins. Br J Haematol1990;75:156–162.
4.
BarthelemyHChouvetBCambazardF.Skin and mucosal manifestations in vitamin deficiency. J Am Acad Dermatol1986;15:1263–1274.
5.
KarkRLoznerEL.Nutritional deficiency of vitamin K in man. Lancet1939;2:1162–1164.
6.
ShearerMJBarkhanPWebsterGR.Absorption and excretion of an oral dose of tritiated vitamin K1 in man. Br J Haematol1970;18:297–308.
7.
ShearerMJMcBurneyABreckenridgeAMBarkhanP.Effect of warfarin on the metabolism of phylloquinone (vitamin K1): dose-response relationships in man. Clin Sci1977; 52: 621–630.
8.
BjornssonTDMeffinPJSwezeySEBlaschkeTF.Disposition and turnover of vitamin K1 in man. In: SuttieJW ed., Vitamin K metabolism and vitamin K-dependent proteins. Baltimore: University Park Press, 1979: 328–332.
9.
ShearerMJMallinsonCNWebsterGRBarkhanP.Clearance from plasma and excretion in urine, faeces and bile of an intravenous dose of tritiated vitamin K1 in man. Br J Haematol1972;22:579–588.
10.
HamJM.Hypoprothrombinaemia in patients undergoing prolonged intensive care. Med J Aust1971;2:716–718.
11.
PineoGFGallusASHirshJ.Unexpected vitamin K deficiency in hospitalized patients. Can Med Assoc J1973; 109: 880–883.
12.
AnsellJEKumarRDeykinD.The spectrum of vitamin K deficiency. JAMA1977;238:40–42.
13.
MorganAGKelleherJWalkerBE, et al. A nutritional survey in the elderly: blood and urine vitamin levels. Int J Vitam Nutr Res1975;45:448–462.
14.
AlperinJ.Coagulopathy caused by vitamin K deficiency in critically ill, hospitalized patients. JAMA1987;258:1916–1919.
15.
KrasinskiSDRussellRMFurieBC, et al. The prevalence of vitamin K deficiency in chronic gastrointestinal disorders. Am J Clin Nutr1985;41:639–643.
16.
BlanchardRAFurieBCJorgensenM, et al. Acquired vitamin K-dependent carboxylation deficiency in liver disease. N Engl J Med1981305: 242–248.
17.
LiebmanHAFurieBCTongMJ, et al. Des-gamma-carboxy (abnormal) prothrombin as a serum marker of primary hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med1984;310:1427–1431.
18.
CorriganJJJrTaussigLMBeckermanRWagenerJS.Factor II (prothrombin) coagulant activity and immunoreactive protein: detection of vitamin K deficiency and liver disease in patients with cystic fibrosis. J Pediatr1981;99:254–257.
19.
DuttaSKBustinMPRussellRMCostaBS.Deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins in treated patients with pancreatic insufficiency. Ann Intern Med1982;97:549–552.
20.
NiiyaKKitagawaTFujishitaM, et al. Bulimia nervosa complicated by deficiency of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. JAMA1983;250:792–793.
21.
YanofskyRAJacksonVGLillyJR, et al. The multiple coagulopathies of biliary atresia. Am J Hematol1984;16:171–180.
22.
VanderpasJBKoopmanBJCadranelS, et al. Malabsorption of liposoluble vitamins in a child with bile acid deficiency. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr1987;6:33–41.
23.
GoldsmithGHJrPenceRERatnoffOD, et al. Studies on a family with combined functional deficiencies of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. J Clin Invest1982; 69: 1253–1260.
24.
O'ReillyRA.Vitamin K in hereditary resistance to oral anticoagulant drugs. Am J Physiol1971;221:1327–1330.
25.
IberFLShamszadMMillerPAJacobR.Vitamin K deficiency in chronic alcoholic males. Alcohol Clin Exp Res1986; 10: 679–681.
26.
ConlyJSuttieJReidELoftsonJ, et al. Dietary deficiency of phylloquinone and reduced serum levels in febrile neutropenic cancer patients. Am J Clin Nutr1989;50:109–113.
27.
SeifterEJParkerRIGralnickHR, et al. Abnormal coagulation results in patients with Hodgkin's disease. Am J Med1985;78:942–950.
28.
DreizenSMcCredieKBKeatingMJ.Chemotherapy-associated oral hemorrhages in adults with acute leukemia. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol1984;57:494–498.
29.
CorriganJJJr.Vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors in gram-negative septicemia. Am J Dis Child1984;138:240–242.
30.
Anonymous. Abnormal plasma prothrombin in the diagnosis of subclinical vitamin K deficiency. Nutr Rev1982; 40:298–300.
31.
MorleyJEMooradianADSilverAJ, et al. Nutrition in the elderly. Ann Intern Med1988;109:890–904.
32.
OlsonJA.Recommended dietary intakes (RDI) of vitamin K in humans. Am J Clin Nutr1987;45:687–692.
33.
UsuiYTanimuraHNishimuraN, et al. Vitamin K concentrations in the plasma and liver of surgical patients. Am J Clin Nutr1990;51:846–852.
34.
ShearerMJMcCarthyPTCramptonOEMattockMB.The assessment of human vitamin K status from tissue measurements. In: SuttieJW ed., Current advances in vitamin K research. New York: Elsevier, 1988: 437–452.
35.
UdallJA.Human sources and absorption of vitamin K in relation to anticoagulation stability. JAMA1965;194:127–129.
36.
HollanderDRimERublePE.Vitamin K2 colonic and ileal in vivo absorption: bile, fatty acids, and pH effects on transport. Am J Physiol1977;233:E124–E129.
37.
HollanderDRimE.Vitamin K2 absorption by rat everted small intestinal sacs. Am J Physiol1976;231:415–419.
38.
IchihashiTTakagishiYUchidaKYamadaH.Colonic absorption of menaquinone-4 and menaquinone-9 in rats. J Nutr1992: 122:506–512.
39.
FrickPGRiedlerGBrögliH.Dose-response and minimal daily requirement for vitamin K in man. J Appl Physiol1967;23:387–389.
40.
HandsLJRoyleGTKettlewellMGW.Vitamin K requirements in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition. Br J Surg1985;72:665–667.
41.
AllisonPMMummah-SchendelLLKindbergCG, et al. Effects of a vitamin K-deficient diet and antibiotics in normal human volunteers. J Lab Clin Med1987;110:180–188.
42.
SuttieJWSchendel-MummahLLShahDV, et al. Vitamin K deficiency form dietary vitamin K restriction in humans. Am J Clin Nutr1988;47:475–480.
43.
HodgesSJPilkingtonMJShearerMJ, et al. Age-related changes in the circulating levels of congeners of vitamin K2, menaquinone-7 and menaquinone-8. Clin Sci1990;78:63–66.
44.
UchidaKNomuraYTakaseH, et al. Effects of vitamin K-deficient diets and fasting on blood coagulation factors in conventional and germ-free rats. Jpn J Pharmacol1986; 40:115–122.
45.
KindbergCSuttieJWUchidaK, et al. Menaquinone production and utilization in germ-free rats after inoculation with specific organisms. J Nutr1987;117:1032–1035.
46.
KornbergADaftFSSebrellWH.Production of vitamin K deficiency in rats by various sulfonamides. Public Health Rep1944;59:832–844.
47.
BlackSOvermanRSElvehjemCALinkKP.The effect of sulfaguanidine on rat growth and plasma prothrombin. J Biol Chem1942;145:137–143.
48.
ConlyJMRamotarKChubbH, et al. Hypoprothrombinaemia in febrile, neutropenic patients with cancer: association with antimicrobial suppression of intestinal microflora. J Infect Dis1984;150:202–212.
49.
FainsteinVBodeyGPMcCredieKB, et al. Coagulation abnormalities induced by β-lactam antibiotics in cancer patients. J Infect Dis1983;148:745–750.
50.
SattlerFRColaoDJCaputoGMSchoolwerthAC.Cefopera-zone for empiric therapy in patients with impaired renal function. Am J Med1986;81:229–236.
51.
LipskyJJ.N-methyl-thio-tetrazole inhibition of the gamma carboxylation of glutamic acid: possible mechanism for antibiotic-associated hypoprothrombinaemia. Lancet1983; 2: 192–193.
52.
LipskyJJ.Mechanism of the inhibition of the gamma carboxylation of glutamic acid by N-methylthiotetrazole-containing antibiotics. Proc Nati Acad Sci USA1984;81:2893–2897.
53.
MitchellMCMallatALipskyJJ.Cephalosporin-induced alteration in hepatic glutathione redox state: a potential mechanism for inhibition of hepatic reduction of vitamin K1 2,3-epoxide in the rat. J Clin Invest1990, 86:1589–1594.
54.
CreedonKASuttieJW.Effect of N-methyl-thiotetrazole on vitamin K epoxide reductase. Thromb Res1986;44:147–153.
55.
KerremansALLipskyJJVan LoonJ, et al. Cephalosporin-induced hypoprothrombinemia: possible role for thiol methylation of 1-methyltetrazole-5-thiol and 2-methyl-1.3,4-thiadiazole-5-thiol. J Pharmacol Exp Ther1985; 235:382–388.
ShoshkesMRobinsBYelinG.Orally administered phytonadione in bishydroxy-coumarin-induced hypoprothrombinemia. JAMA1957;165:330–333.
58.
GrimingerP.Biological activity of the various vitamin K forms. Vitamin Horm1966, 24:605–618.
59.
MatschinerJTTaggartWV.Bioassay of vitamin K by intracardial injection in deficient adult male rats. J Nutr1968; 94: 57–59.
60.
RoeDA.Drug and nutrient interactions in the elderly diabetic. Drug Nutr Interact1988;5:195–203.
61.
HavelMMullerMGraningerW, et al. Tolerability of a new vitamin K1 preparation for parenteral administration to adults: one case of anaphylactoid reaction. Clin Ther1987;9:373–379.
62.
RobinsonJWOdomRB.Delayed cutaneous reaction to phytonadione. Arch Dermatol1978;114:1790–1792.
63.
ShinzawaTMuraTTsuneiMShirakiK.Vitamin K absorption capacity and its association with vitamin K deficiency. Am J Dis Child1989;143:686–689.
64.
MillerRHarveyWPFinchCA.Antagonism of dicumarol by vitamin K preparations. N Engl J Med1950;242:211–215.