Indications,Technical Considerations,and Strategies for Renal Replacement Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit

1. Spiegel DM Ullion ME Zerbe GO Berl T. Determinants of survival and recovery in acute renal failure patients dialyzed in intensive-care units. Am J Kephrol 1991;11:44–47.

2. Wendon J Smithies M Sheppard M , et al. Continuous high volume venous-venous haemofiltration in acute renal failure. J Intensive Care Med 1989;15:358–363.

3. Kimmel PL Bosch JP. Effectiveness of renal fellowship training for subsequent clinical practice. Am J Kidney Dis 1991;18:249–256.

4. Gillum DM Conger JD. Intensive dialysis of no value in acute renal failure. Kidney Int 1985;27:162.

5. Parsons FM Hobson SM Blagg CR McCracken BH. Optimum time for dialysis in acute reversible renal failure. Lancet 1961;1:129–134.

6. Fisher RP Griffen WD Reisser M Clark DS. Early dialysis in treatment of acute renal failure. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1966;123:1019–1023.

7. Kleinknecht D Jungers P Chanard J , et al. Uremic and nonuremic complications in acute renal failure: evaluation of early and frequent dialysis on prognosis. Kidney Int 1972;1:190–196.

8. Teschan PE Baxter CR O'Brien TF , et al. Prophylactic hemodialysis in the treatment of acute renal failure. Ann Intern Med 1960;53:992–1116.

9. Conger JD. A controlled evaluation of prophylactic dialysis in post-traumatic acute renal failure. J Trauma 1975; 15: 1056–1063.

10. Abel RM Beck CH Abbott WM , et al. Improved survival from acute renal failure after treatment with intravenous essential L-amino acids and glucose: results of prospective double-blind study. N Engl J Med 1973;288:695–699.

11. Leonard CD Luke RG Siegel RR. Parenteral essential amino acids in acute renal failure. Urology 1975;6:154–157.

12. Baek SM Makabali GG Bryan-Brown CW , et al. The influence of parenteral nutrition on the course of acute renal failure. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1975;141:405–408.

13. McMurray SD Luft FC Maxwell DR , et al. Prevailing patterns and predictor variables in patients with acute tubular necrosis. Arch Intern Med 1978;138:950–955.

14. Freund H Harmian S Fischer JE. Comparative studies of parenteral nutrition in renal failure using essential and non-essential amino acid containing solutions. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1980;151:652–656.

15. Feinstein El Blumenkrantz MJ Healy M , et al. Clinical and metabolic responses to parenteral nutrition in acute renal failure. Medicine 1981;60:124–137.

16. Mault JR Bartlett RH Dechert RE , et al. Starvation: a major contributor to mortality in acute renal failure. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1983;29:390–395.

17. Bartlett RH Mault JR Dechert RE , et al. Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration: improved survival in surgical acute renal failure. Surgery 1986;100:400–408.

18. Mault JR Dechart RE Bartlett RH , et al. Oxygen consumption during hemodialysis for acute renal failure. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1982;28:510–513.

19. Magilligan DJ. Indications for ultrafiltration in the cardiac surgical patient. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1985;89:183–189.

20. Paganini EP Suhoza K Swann S , et al. Continuous renal replacement therapy in patients with acute renal dysfunction undergoing intraaortic balloon pump and/or left ventricular assist device support. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1986;32:414–417.

21. Coriam FJ Coraim HP Ebermann R Stellwag FM. Acute respiratory failure after cardiac surgery: clinical experience with the application of continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration. Crit Care Med 1986;14:714–718.

22. Lauer A Saccaggi A Ronco C , et al. Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration in the critically ill patient. Ann Intern Med 1983;99:455–460.

23. Kaplan AA Longnecker RE Folkert VW. Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration—a report of six months' experience. Ann Intern Med 1984;100:358–367.

24. Kramer P Wigger W Rieger J , et al. Arteriovenous haemofiltration: a new and simple method for treatment of overhydrated patients resistent to diuretics. Klin Wochenschr 1977;55:1121–1122.

25. Kohen JA Whitley KY Kjellstrand CM. Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration: a comparison with hemodialysis in acute renal failure. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1985;31:169–175.

26. Henderson LW Silverstein ME Ford CA Lysaght MJ. Clinical response to maintenance hemodiafiltration. Kidney Int 1975;(suppl 2):S58–S63.

27. Hamilton R Ford C Colton C , et al. Blood cleansing by diafiltration in uremic dog and man. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1971;17:259–265.

28. Henderson LW Ford C Colton CK , et al. Uremic blood cleansing by diafiltration using a hollow-fiber ultrafilter. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1970;16:107–112.

29. Paganini EP O'Hara P Nakamoto S. Slow continuous ultra-filtration in hemodialysis resistant oliguric acute renal failure patients. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1984; 30: 173–177.

30. Colton CK Henderson LW Ford CA Lysaght MJ. Kinetics of hemodiafiltration. I. In vitro transport characteristics of a hollow fiber blood ultrafilter. J Lab Clin Med 1975; 85: 355–371.

31. Golper TA Wedel SK Kaplan AA , et al. Drug removal during continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration: theory and clinical observations. Int J Artif Organs 1985;8:307–312.

32. Golper TA Cigarran-Guldris S Jenkins RD Brier ME. The role of convection during simulated continuous arteriovenous hemodialysis. Contrib Nephrol 1991;93:146–148.

33. Sigler MH Teehan B. Solute transport in continuous hemodialysis: a new treatment for acute renal failure. Kidney Int 1987;32:562–571.

34. Van Geelen JA Vincent HH , Schalekamp MADH. Continuous arteriovenous haemofiltration and haemodiafiltration in acute renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1988; 2:181–186.

35. Bergstrom J Asaba H Jurst P Oules R. Dialysis ultrafiltration and blood pressure. Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc 1976;13:293–305.

36. Henrich WL Woodard TD Blachley JD , et al. Role of osmolality in blood pressure stability after dialysis and ultrafiltration. Kidney Int 1980;18:480–488.

37. Swartz RD Somermeyer MG Hsu C-H. Preservation of plasma volume during hemodialysis depends on dialysate osmolality. Am J Nephrol 1982;2:189–194.

38. Kimura G Irie A Kuroda K , et al. Absence of transcellular fluid shift during haemofiltration. Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc 1980;17:192–196.

39. Schuenemann B Borghardt J Falda Z , et al. Reactions of blood pressure and body spaces to hemofiltration treatment. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1978;24:687–689.

40. Wehle B Asaba H Castenfors J , et al. Hemodynamic changes during sequential ultrafiltration and dialysis. Kidney Int 1979;15:411–418.

41. Quellhorst E Schuenemann B Hidebrand U Falda Z. Response of the vascular system to different modification of haemofiltration and haemodialysis. Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc 1980;17:197–204.

42. Baldamus CA Ernst W Frei U Koch KM. Sympathetic and hemodynamic response to volume removal during different forms of renal replacement therapy. Nephron 1982; 31: 324–332.

43. Paganini EP Fouad F Tarazi RC , et al. Hemodynamics of isolated ultrafiltration in chronic hemodialysis patients. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1979;25:422–425.

44. Zuccelli P Santoro A Sturani A , et al. Effects of hemodialysis and hemofiltration on the autonomic control of circulation. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1984;30:163–167.

45. Chen WT Chaignon M Omvik P , et al. Hemodynamic studies in chronic hemodialysis patients with hemofiltration/ultrafiltration. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1978;24:682–686.

46. Beutler B Cerami A. Cachectin and tumor necrosis factor as two sides of the same coin. Nature 1986;320:584–588.

47. Tracey KJ Lowry SF Fahey TJ , et al. Cachectin/tumor necrosis factor induces lethal shock and stress hormone responses in the dog. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1987;164:415–422.

48. Calandra T Baumgartner J-D Grau GE , et al. Prognostic values of tumor necrosis factor/cachectin, interleukin-1, interferon-γ, and interferon-γ in the serum of patients with septic shock. J Infect Dis 1990;161:982–987.

49. Offner F Philippe J Vogelaers D , et al. Serum tumor necrosis factor levels in patients with infectious disease and septic shock. J Lab Clin Med 1990;116:100–105.

50. Akira S Hirano T Taga T Kishimoto T. Biology of multifunctional cytokines: IL-6 and related molecules (IL-1 and TNF). FASEB J 1990;4:2860–2867.

51. Rackow EC Astiz ME. Pathophysiology and treatment of septic shock. JAMA 1991;266:548–554.

52. Suffredini AF Fromm RE Parker MM , et al. The cardiovascular response of normal humans to the administration of endotoxin. N Engl J Med 1989;321:280–287.

53. Hechtman HB Valeri CR Shepro D. Role of humoral mediators in adult respiratory distress syndrome. Chest 1984;86:623–627.

54. Parrillo JF Burch C Shelhamer JH , et al. A circulating myocardial depressant substance in humans with septic shock. J Clin Invest 1985;76:1539–1553.

55. Danner RL Elin RJ Hosseini JM , et al. Endotoxemia in human septic shock. Chest 1991;99:169–175.

56. Snell RJ Parrillo JE. Cardiovascular dysfunction in septic shock. Chest 1991;99:1000–1009.

57. Groeneveld ABJ Nauta JJP Thiss LG. Peripheral vascular resistance in septic shock: its relation to outcome. Intensive Care Med 1988;14:141–147.

58. Ziegler EJ Fisher CJ Sprung CL , et al. Treatment of gram-negative bacteremia and septic shock with HA-1A human monoclonal antibody against endotoxin: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. N Engl J Med 1991; 324:429–436.

59. Stein B Pfenninger E Grunert A , et al. Influence of continuous haemofiltration on haemodynamics and central blood volume in experimental endotoxic shock. Intensive Care Med 1990;16:494–499.

60. Gomez A Wang R Unruh H , et al. Hemofiltration reverses left ventricular dysfunction during sepsis in dogs. Anesthesiology 1990;73:671–685.

61. Gotloib L Barzilay E Shustak A Lev A. Sequential hemofiltration in nonoliguric high capillary permeability pulmonary edema of severe sepsis: preliminary report. Crit Care Med 1984;12:997–1000.

62. Gotloib L Barzilay E Shustak A , et al. Hemofiltration in septic ARDS. The artificial kidney as an artificial endocrine lung. Resuscitation 1986; 13:123–132.

63. Barzilay E Kessler D Lesmes C , et al. Sequential plasmafilter-dialysis with slow continuous hemofiltration: additional treatment for sepsis-induced AOSF patients. J Crit Care 1988;3:163–166.

64. Barzilay E Kessler D Berlot G , et al. Use of extracorporeal supportive techniques as additional treatment for septic-induced multiple organ failure patients. Crit Care Med 1989;17:634–637.

65. Busund R Lindsetmo R-O Rasmussen L-T , et al. Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1 appearance in experimental gram-negative septic shock: the effects of plasma exchange with albumin and plasma infusion. Arch Surg 1991; 126:591–597.

66. Storck M Hartl WH Zimmerer E Inthorn D. Comparison of pump-driven and spontaneous continuous haemofiltration in postoperative acute renal failure. Lancet 1991; 337: 452–455.

67. Kramer P Bohler J Kehr A , et al. Intensive care potential of continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1982;28:28–32.

68. Olbricht CJ Schurek H-J Stolte H Koch KM. The influence of vascular access modes on the efficiency of CAVH. In: Sieberth H-G Mann H eds., Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration. Basel: S. Karger, 1985: 14–24.

69. Golper TA Ronco C Kaplan AA. Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration: improvements, modifications and future directions. Semin Dialysis 1988;1:50–54.

70. Favre H Levy M Klohn M Suter P. Continuous veno-venous hemofiltration. In: Paganini E Geronemus R eds., Proceedings of the third international symposium on acute continuous renal replacement therapy. Ft. Lauderdale; 1987: 87–93.

71. Braun U Turner E Eisenhauer T. Continuous pump driven veno-venous hemofiltration for the treatment of ARF in the ICU. In: Paganini E Geronemus R eds., Proceedings of the third international symposium on acute continuous renal replacement therapy. Ft. Lauderdale; 1987: 216.

72. Freudiger H Levy M Favre H. Preliminary results with fully pump assisted continuous venovenous haemodifiltration. Nephrol Dialy Trans 1988;3:548.

73. Canaud B Garred LJ Christol J-P , et al. Pump assisted continuous venovenous hemofiltration for treating acute uremia. Kidney Int 1988;33(suppl 24):154–156.

74. Chanard J Milcent T Toupance O , et al. Ultrafiltration-pump assisted continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration (CAVH). Kidney Int 1988;33(suppl 24):157–158.

75. Macias WL Mueller BA Scarim SK , et al. Continuous venovenous hemofiltration: an alternative to continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration and hemodiafiltration in acute renal failure. Am J Kidney Dis 1991;18:451–458.

76. Olbricht CJ Haubitz M Habel U , et al. Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration: in vivo functional characteristics and its dependence on vascular access and filter design. Nephron 1990;55:49–57.

77. Ronco C Brendolan A Bragantini L , et al. Studies on blood flow dynamic and ultrafiltration kinetics during continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration. Blood Purif 1986;4:220.

78. Smith D Paganini EP Suhoza K , et al. Non-heparin continuous real replacement therapy is possible. In: Nose Y Kjell-Strand C Ivanovich P eds., Progress in artificial organs. Cleveland: ISAO Press, 1986; 226–230.

79. Schurek HJ Biela D. Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration: improvement in the handling of fluid balance and heparinization. Blood Purif 1983;1:189–196.

80. Arakawa M Nagao M Gejyo F , et al. Development of a new antithrombogenic continuous ultrafiltration system. Artif Organs 1991; 171–179.

81. Kaplan AA Longnecker RE Folkert VW. Suction-assisted continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1983;29:408–413.

82. Kaplan AA. Predilution vs postdilution for continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1985;31:28–31.

83. Kaplan AA. Clinical trials with predilution and vacuum suction: enhancing the efficiency of the CAVH treatment. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1986;32:49–51.

84. Golper TA. Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration in acute renal failure. Am J Kidney Dis 1985;6:373–386.