Metabolic alkalosis is the most common acid-base disor der seen in hospitalized patients. There are three types of metabolic alkalosis: chloride responsive, chloride re sistant, and exogenous administration of alkali. Chlo ride-responsive alkalosis is the most common.
Metabolic alkalosis can result in numerous metabolic abnormalities as well as cardiovascular and neurological dysfunction. Histamine H2-receptor antagonists are im portant in the prevention, control, and acute treatment of chloride-responsive metabolic alkalosis. In most pa tients chloride-responsive metabolic alkalosis can be managed successfully with fluid therapy and H 2-recep tor antagonists or a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (for example, acetazolamide).
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