Prendergast Onyemekwu Pa. Agitation is a Common Barrier to Recovery of ICU Patients.
2.
ChevroletJCJollietP. Clinical review: Agitation and delirium in the critically ill–significance and management. Crit Care. 2007;11(3):214. doi:10.1186/cc5787.
3.
De ElioFJObradorSVelaR. [Clinical & experimental study of intravenous novocaine administration in therapy of neurogenic hyperthermia & postoperative agitation]. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1951;2(2):113–119. Estudio clinico-experimental de la novocaina intravenosa en el tratamiento de la hipertermia neurogenica y agitacion post-operatoria. doi:10.1007/bf01405655.
4.
LinTYGreenblattMSolomonHC. Agitated depression associated with arteriovenous aneurysm of left frontal lobe; recovery after unilateral frontal lobectomy. N Engl J Med.1952;247(17):631–633. doi:10.1056/nejm195210232471703
5.
Carrere JP. [Lithium citrate in the treatment of psychomotor excitation syndromes]. Ann Med Psychol (Paris). 1954;112(1 4):566–572. Le citrate de lithium dans le traitement des syndromes d'excitation psychomotrice.
6.
LehmannHEHanrahanGE. Chlorpromazine; new inhibiting agent for psychomotor excitement and manic states. AMA Arch Neurol Psychiatry. 1954;71(2):227–237.
7.
DucNMaurelH. [Treatment of psychomotor agitation with lithium]. Concours Med.1953;75(20):1817–1820. Le traitement des états d'agitation psycho-motrice par le lithium.
8.
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
9.
RamsayMASavegeTMSimpsonBRGoodwinR. Controlled sedation with alphaxalone-alphadolone. Br Med J.1974;2(5920):656–659. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5920.656.
10.
CorriganJD. Development of a scale for assessment of agitation following traumatic brain injury. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1989;11(2):261–277. doi:10.1080/01688638908400888
11.
SesslerCNGosnellMSGrapMJ, et al.The richmond agitation-sedation scale: Validity and reliability in adult intensive care unit patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med.2002;166(10):1338–1344. doi:10.1164/rccm.2107138
12.
MacLarenRPreslaskiCRMuellerSW, et al.A randomized, double-blind pilot study of dexmedetomidine versus midazolam for intensive care unit sedation: Patient recall of their experiences and short-term psychological outcomes. J Intensive Care Med. 2015;30(3):167–175. doi:10.1177/0885066613510874
13.
FreemanSYorkeJDarkP. The management of agitation in adult critical care: Views and opinions from the multi-disciplinary team using a survey approach. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2019;54(54):23–28. doi:10.1016/j.iccn.2019.05.004
14.
LindenmayerJP. The pathophysiology of agitation. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;61(Suppl 14):5–10.
15.
AzimaraghiOWongtangmanKWachtendorfLJ, et al.Differential effects of gamma-aminobutyric acidergic sedatives on risk of post-extubation delirium in the ICU: A retrospective cohort study from a new England health care network. Crit Care Med.2022;50(5):e434–e444. doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000005425
16.
WongtangmanKSanterPWachtendorfLJ, et al. Association of sedation, coma, and in-hospital mortality in mechanically ventilated patients with coronavirus disease 2019-related acute respiratory distress syndrome: A retrospective cohort study. Crit Care Med.2021;49(9):1524–1534. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000005053. PMID: 33861551
17.
CrippenD. Life-threatening brain failure and agitation in the intensive care unit. Crit Care. 2000;4(2):81–90. doi:10.1186/cc661
18.
WachtendorfLJAzimaraghiOSanterP, et al. Association between intraoperative arterial hypotension and postoperative delirium after noncardiac surgery: A retrospective multicenter cohort study. Anesth Analg.2022;134(4):822–833. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000005739. PMID: 34517389
19.
SharsharTHopkinsonNSOrlikowskiDAnnaneD. Science review: The brain in sepsis–culprit and victim. Crit Care. 2005;9(1):37–44. doi:10.1186/cc2951