Venous air embolism is an underrecognized, potentially fatal, but easily preventable complication of central line placement and removal. It can result in cardiovascular, pulmonary, and central nervous system abnormalities, ranging from minor derangement to immediate cardiovascular collapse. The most serious consequence of venous air embolism is felt to be related to blood flow obstruction from a right ventricular airlock. Identifying risk factors, understanding the pathophysiology and recognizing clinical manifestations of venous air embolism will help to initiate appropriate therapy, prevent lethal sequelae and decrease the incidence of central line related venous air embolism.
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