1. Long CL, Schaffel N, Geiger JW, et al. Metabolic response to injury and illness: estimation of energy and protein needs from indirect calorimetry and nitrogen balance. JPEN1979;3:453–6.
2.
2. Long CL. The energy and protein requirements of the critically ill patient. In: White RA, Heymsfield S, eds. Nutritional Assessment. Boston: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1984;157–81.
3.
3. Askanazi J, Carpentier YA, Jeevanandam M, et al. Energy expenditure, nitrogen balance, and norepinephrine excretion after injury. Surgery1981;89:478–84.
4.
4. Weissman C, Kemper M, Damask MC, et al. Effect of routine intensive care interactions on metabolic rate. Chest1984;86:815–8.
5.
5. Swinamer DL, Phang PT, Jones RL, et al. Twenty-four hour energy expenditure in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med1987; 15:637–43.
6.
6. Brodie, S. Bioenergetics and growth. New York: Reinhold Publishing, 1945:59–75.
7.
7. Heymsfield SB, Hill JO, Evert BA, et al. Energy expenditure during continuous intragastric infusion of fuel. Am J Clin Nutr1987;45:526–33.
