Bothwell TH, Charlton RW, Cook JD, et al. Iron metabolism in man. Oxford: Blackwell, 1979:256-83.
2.
Linder MC, Munro HNThe mechanism of iron absorption and its regulation. Fed Proc1977;36:2017-23.
3.
Committee on Dietary Allowances, Food and Nutrition Board, Division of Biological Sciences, Assembly of Life Sciences, NRC.Recommended dietary allowances. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences, 1980.
4.
Finch CA, Miller LR,Inamdar, et al. Iron deficiency in the rat: physiological and biochemical studies of muscle dysfunction. J Clin Invest1976;58:447-53.
5.
Ohira Y., Edgerton VR, Gardner GW, et al. Work capacity, heart rate and blood lactate responses to iron treatment. Br J Haematol1979;41:365-72.
6.
Dallman PRTissue effects on iron deficiency. In: Jacobs A, Worwood M, eds. Iron in biochemistry and medicine. New York: Academic Press, 1976:437-5.
7.
Chandra RK, Au B., Woodford G., et al. Iron status, response and susceptibility to infection. In: Ciba Foundation Symposium 51 (new series). Iron metabolism . Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1976:249-68.
8.
Dillman E., Johnson DG, Martin J., et al. Catecholamine elevation in iron deficiency. Am J Physiol1979;237(part 3):297-300.
9.
Dillman E., Gale C., Green W., et al. Hypothermia in iron deficiency due to impaired T4 to T3 conversion . Am J Physiol1980;239(part 3):377-81.
10.
Tucker DM, Sandstead HH, Penland JG, et al. Iron status and brain function: serum ferritin levels associated with asymmetries of cortical electrophysiology and cognitive performance. Am J Clin Nutr1984;39:105-13.
11.
Sandstead HHSome trace elements which are essential for human nutrition. Prog Food Nutr Sci1975;1:371-91.
12.
WHO.Trace elements in human nutrition. World Health Organization Technical Report , series 532, 1973.
13.
Daniels AL, Wright OEIron and copper retention in young children. J Nutr1934;8:125-38.
14.
Lirider MCNutrition and metabolism of the trace elements. In: Linder MC, ed. Nutritional biochemistry and metabolism : with clinical applications. New York: Elsevier , 1985:151-97.
15.
Cartwright GE, Wintrobe MMCopper metabolism in normal sbjects . Am J Clin Nutr1964;14:224-32.
16.
Klevay IM, Reck SJ, Jacob RA, et al. The human requirement for copper in healthy men fed conventional American diets. Am J Clin Nutr1980;33:45-50.
17.
McMurray CHCopper deficiency in ruminants: biological role of copper. Ciba Foundation Symposium 79. Amsterdam : Excerpta Medica1980:183-208.
18.
Johnson WT, Nordlie RCDifferential effects of CU2+ on carbamoyl phosphate: glucose phospho-transferase and glucose-6-phosphate phosphohydrolase activities of multi-functional glucose-6-phosphatase . Biochemistry1977;16:2458-66.
19.
Mason KEA conspectus of research on copper metabolism and requirements of man. J Nutr1979;109:1979-2066.
20.
Grisoom NT, Craig JN, Neuhauser EDB.Systemic bone disease developing in small premature infants. Pediatrics1971;48:883-95.
21.
Henkin RL, Keiser HR, Jaffe IA, et al. Decreased taste sensitivity after d-penicillamine reversed by copper administration. Lancet1967;2:1268-70.
22.
Ashkenazi A. , Levin S., Djaldetti M., et al. The syndrome of neonatal copper deficiency . Pediatrics1973;52:525-33.
23.
McAuslan BR, Hannan GN, Reilly W., et al. Copper effects in man. In: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization symposium on the importance of copper in biology and medicine. Canberra, Australia: CSIRO, 1981.
24.
Stocks P., Davies, RIZinc and copper content of soils associated with the incidence of cancer of the stomach and other organs. Br J Cancer1964;18:14-24.
25.
Shah-Reddy I., Khilanani P., Bishop CRSerum copper levels in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma . Cancer1980;45:2156-8.
26.
Cordano A.Nutrition deficiencies in man: copper. In: Recheigel M Jr, ed. CRC handbook series in nutrition and food, sec E, Nutritional diseases, vol 3. West Palm Beach, FL: CRC Press, 1978:225-35.
27.
Lowry SF, Goodgame JT, Smith JCAbnormalities of zinc and copper during total parenteral nutrition . Ann Surg1978;189:120-8.
28.
National Research Council.Recommended dietary allowances, 8th ed. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences, 1974.
29.
Solomons NWZinc and copper in human nutrition. In: Selvey N, White PL, eds. Nutrition in the 1980s: constraints on our knowledge. New York: Alan R. Liss, 1981:97-127.
30.
Underwood EJ (ed). Trace elements in human and animal nutrition: copper. 3rd ed. New York: Academic Press, 1971:57-106.
31.
Tanaka Y., Hatono S., Nishi Y., et al. Nutritional copper deficiency in a Japanese infant on formula . J Pediat1980;96:255-7.
32.
Shao MJS , Lei KYConversion of [2-14C]mevalonate into cholesterol, lanosterol and squalene in copper-deficient rats. J Nutr1980;110:859-67.
33.
Klevay IMHyperuricemia in rats due to copper deficiency. Nutr Rep Int1980;22:617-21.
34.
Klevay IMCoronary heart disease: the zinc/copper hypothesis. Am J Clin Nutr1975;28:764-74.
35.
Chatterji SK , Ganguly HDCopper in human urine and faeces. Indian J Med1950;38:303-14.
36.
Todd WR, Elvehjem CA, Hart EBZinc in the nutrition of the rat. Am J Physiol1934;107:146-56.
37.
Prasad AS, Halsted JA, Nadimi M.Syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, hypogonadism, dwarfism and geophagia. Am J Med1961;31:532-46.
38.
Prasad ASDeficiency of zinc in man and its toxicity. In: Prasad AS, ed. Trace elements in human health and disease. New York: Academic Press, 1976:1-20.
39.
Golden MNH , Golden BE, Harland Pseg, et al. Zinc and immuno competence in protein-energy malnutrition. Lancet1978;1:1226-7.
40.
Agget PJ, Harries JTCurrent status of zinc in health and disease states. Arch Dis Child1979;S4:909-17.
41.
Jameson S.Zinc and pregnancy. In: Nriagu Jo , ed. Zinc in the environment, part II: health effects. New York: John Wiley, 1980:183-97.
42.
Prasad ASClinical and biochemical spectrum of zinc deficiency in human subjects . In: Prasad AS, ed. Clinical, biochemical, and nutritional aspects of trace elements. New York: Alan R. Liss, Inc, 1982 :3-62.
43.
Sandstead HHTrace metals in human nutrition. Curr Concepts Nutr1984;13:37-46.
44.
Henkin RI, Bradley DFRegulation of taste acuity by thiols and metal ions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA1969;62:30-7.
45.
Barnes PM, Moynahan EJZinc deficiency in acrodermatitis enterohepatica: multiple dietary intolerance treated with synthetic diet. Proc R Soc Med1973;66:327-9.
46.
Prasad AS, Rabbani P.Nucleoside phosphorylase in zinc deficiency. Trans Assoc Am Physicians1981;94:314-21.
47.
Bogden JDBlood zinc in health and disease. In: Nriagu Jo, ed. Zinc in the environment, part II: health effects . New York: John Wiley, 1980:138-69.
48.
Leach RM, Lilburn MSManganese metabolism and its function. World Rev Nutr Diet1978;32:123-34.
49.
Hurley LCClinical and experimental aspects of manganese in nutrition. In: Prasad AS, ed. Clinical, biochemical, and nutritional aspects of trace elements. New York: Alan R. Liss, Inc, 1982 :369-78.
50.
Shroeder HAThe trace elements and man: some positive and negative aspects. Shroeder HA, ed. Old Greenwich, CT: Devin-Adair Co, 1973
51.
Hurley LSTeratogenic aspects of manganese, zinc and copper nutrition. Physiol Rev1981;61:249-95.
52.
Erway L., Hurley LS, Fraser A.Congenital ataxia and otolith defects due to manganese deficiency in mice . J Nutr1970;100:643-54.
53.
Doisy EAMicronutrient controls on biosynthesis of clotting proteins and cholesterol . In: Hemphill DD, ed. Trace substances in environmental health-VI. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1972:193-9.
54.
Underwood EJ (ed). Trace elements in human and animal nutrition , 4th ed. New York: Academic Press , 1977:170-90.
55.
Abumrad, NNMolybdenum. Is it an essential trace metal?Bull NY Acad Med1984;60:163-71.
56.
Tipton IH, Stewart PL, Dickson J.Patterns of elemental excretion in long-term balance studies. Health Phys1969;16:455-62.
57.
Baert N., Cornelius R., Hoste J.Molybdenum in human blood. Clin Chim Acta1976;68:355-6.
58.
Underwood EJ (ed). Trace element metabolism in human and animal nutrition, 4th ed. New York: Academic Press, 1977:109-27.
59.
Reichart DA , Westerfield WWIsolation and identification of the xanthine oxidase factor as molybdenum. J Biol Chem1953;203:915-23.
60.
Rotruck JT, Pope AL, Ganther HE, et al. Selenium: biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase . Science1973;179:588-90.
61.
Thompson JN , Scott MLRole of selenium in the nutrition of the chick . J Nutr1969:97:335-42.
62.
Cavalieri RRTrace elements. In: Goodhart RS, Shils ME, eds. Modern nutrition in health and disease, 6th ed. Philadelphia : Lea and Febiger, 1980:395-411.
63.
National Research Council, Food and Nutrition Board: recommended dietary allowances. Washington DC: National Academy of Sciences, 1980.
64.
Van Rij AM, Thomson CD, McKenzie JM, et al. Selenium deficiency in total parenteral nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr1979;32:2076-86.
65.
Keshan disease research group.Epidemiologic studies on the etiologic relationship of selenium and Keshan disease. Clin Med J1979;92:477-82.
66.
Anderson RA , Mertz W.Glucose tolerance factor: an essential dietary agent. Trends Biochem Sci1977;2:277-9.
67.
Mertz T.Chromium; an overview. In: Shapcott D, Hubert J, eds. Chromium in nutrition and metabolism . New York: Elsevier Biomedical , 1979:1--14.
68.
Jeejeebhoy KN, Chu RC, Marliss EG, et al. Chromium deficiency, glucose intolerance and neuropathy reversed by chromium supplementation in a patient receiving long-term total parenteral nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr1977;30:531-8.
69.
Shroeder HA , Balassa JJ, Tipton IHAbnormal trace metals in man. J Chron Dis1962:15:941-64.
70.
Shapcott D., Vobecky JS, Demers PP, et al. Hair analysis for the detection of chromium deficiency. In: Gawthrone JM, Howell J McC, White CL, eds. Trace element metabolism in man and animals, (TEMA-4). Canberra: Australian Academy of Science, 1982:397-9.
71.
Occupational exposure to chromium (VI), National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, DC, 1975.
72.
Fregert S., Hjorth N., Magnusson B., et al. Epidemiology of contact dermatitis. Trans St. Johns Hosp Derm Soc1969;55:71-86.
73.
Chromium, National Academy of Sciences, Washington DC, 1974.
74.
Watkins BE, Ullrey DE, Schmitt SM, et al. Iodine status and thyroid activities of white-tailed deer. In: Gawthorne JM, Howell J McC, White CL, eds. Trace element metabolism in man and animals (TEMA-4). Canberra: Australian Academy of Science , 1982:61-2.
75.
Hetzel BS, Thilly CH, Fierro-Benitez, et al. Endemic goiter. In: Stanburry JB, Hetzel BS, eds. Endemic goiter and endemic cretinism. New York: Wiley Biomed , 1980:513-32.
76.
Delange F.Physiopathology of iodine nutrition. In: Chandra RK, eds. Trace elements in nutrition of children . vol 8. New York: Raven Press, 1984:291-9.
77.
Buttfield IH , Hetzel BSEndemic cretinism in eastern New Guinea. Aust Ann Med1969;18:217-21.
78.
Nielsen FHPossible functions and medical significance of trace metals. In: Martell AE, ed. Inorganic Chemistry in biology and medicine. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1980:23-42.
79.
Cantley LC Jr, Josephson L., Warner R., et al. Vanadate is a potent (Na-K). ATPase inhibitor found in ATP derived from muscle. J Biol Chem1977;252:7421-3.
80.
Nielsen FHFluoride, vanadium, nickel, arsenic, and silicon in total parenteral nutrition . Bull NY Acad Med1984;60:177-95.
81.
Krawietz W. , Werdan K., Erdmann E.Stimulatory effect of vanadate on the adenylate cyclase of cardiac tissue. Biochem Pharmacol1979;28:2517-20.
82.
Curran GL, Burch REVanadium. In: Trace substances in environmental health-I (proceedings of University of Missouri Annual Conference ). Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1968:96-113.
83.
Fanestil DDVanadate: non-selective inhibition of transepithelial transport of Na+, H+ and water. Experientia1980;36:1045-6.
84.
Deganni H., Gochin M., Karlish SJD, et al. Electron paramagnetic resonance studies and insulin-like effects of vanadium in rat adipocytes. Biochemistry. 1981;20:5795-9.
85.
Byrne AR, Kasta L.Vanadium in foods and in human body fluids and tissues. Sci Total Environ1978;10:17.
86.
Sabbioni E., Marrafante E.Progress in research on newer trace elements: the metabolism of vanadium as investigated by nuclear and radiochemical techniques. In: Howell J McC, Gawthrone JM, White CL, eds: Trace element metabolism in man and animals (TEMA-4). Canberra: Australian Academy of Science, 1982:629-31.
Gardner FHThe use of cobaltous chloride in the anemia associated with chronic renal disease. J Lab Clin Med1953;41:56-64.
89.
Smith RJ, Contrera JFCobalt-induced alterations in plasma proteins, proteases and kinin system of the rat. Biochem Pharmacol1974;23:1095-103.
90.
Underwood EJ (ed). Trace elements in human and animal nutrition , 4th ed. New York: Academic Press , 1977:132-54.
91.
Garton GA, Duncan RH, Fell BFAspects of cobalt deficiency in ewes and their lambs. In: Howell JMcC, Gawthorne JM, White CL, eds. Trace element metabolism in man and animals (TEMA-4). Canberra: Australian Academy of Science, 1982:382-4.
92.
Shuttleworth VS, Cameron RS, Alderman G., et al. A case of cobalt deficiency in a child presenting as "earth eating." Practitioner1961;186:760-4.
93.
Shnegg A., Kirchessner M.Nickel metabolism. In: Kirchessner M, ed. Trace element metabolism in man and animals (TEMA-3) . Washington, DC: US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1978:236.
94.
Sunderman FW , Decsy MI, McNeely MDNickel metabolism in health and disease. Ann NY Acad Sci1972;199:300-12.
95.
Webster JD, Parker TF, Alfrey AC, et al. Acute nickel intoxication by dialysis. Ann Int Med1980;92:631-3.
96.
Sunderman FW Jr.A review of the metabolism and toxicology of nickel. Ann Clin Lab Sci1977;7:377-98.
97.
Doll R., Mathews JD, Morgan LGCancers of the lung and nasal sinuses in nickel workers: a reassessment of the period of risk. Br J Ind Med1977;34:102-5.
98.
World Health Organization.Food and agriculture organization. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. Twenty-second report of the joint expert committee on food additives. Geneva : WHO, 1978:7-30.
99.
Spickett JT, Bell RRThe influence of diet on lead toxicity. In: Howell J McC, Gawthorne JM, White CL, eds. Trace element metabolism in man and animals (TEMA-4). Canbarra : Australian Academy of Science, 1982:420-2.
100.
Kirchgebner M. , Reichlmayr-Lais AMLead deficiency and its effects on growth and metabolism. In: Howell J McC, Gawthorne, JM, White CL, eds. Trace element metabolism in man and animals (TEMA-4) . Canberra: Australian Academy of Science, 1982:390-3.
101.
Vallee BL, Ulmer, DD: Biochemical effects of mercury, cadmium and lead. Annu Rev Biochem1972;41:91-128
102.
Mahaffey KR , Rosen JF, Russell MD, et al. Association between age, blood lead concentration, and serum 1,25-dihydrocholecalciferol levels in children. Am J Clin Nutr1982;35:1327-31.
103.
Harland BF, Harwood JP, Thatcher RWHair cadmium and lead in learning-disabled children. In: Howell J McC, Gawthorne JM, White CL, eds. Trace element metabolism in man and animals (TEMA-4). Canberra: Australian Academy of Science, 1982:407-8.
104.
Schwarz K.New essential trace elements (Su, V, F, Si): progress report and outlook . In: Hoekstra HG, Suttie JN, Ganther HE, et al, eds. Trace element metabolism in animals-2. Baltimore : University Park Press, 1974:355-80.
105.
Greger JL, Johnson MA, Baier MJEffect of dietary tin on human mineral utilization. In: Howell JMcC, Gawthorne JM, White CL, eds. Trace element metabolism in man and animals (TEMA-4). Canberra: Australian Academy of Science, 1982:101-3.
106.
Valentine JL , Campion DS, Schluchter MD, et al. Arsenic effects on human nerve conduction . In: Howell JMcC, Gawthorne JM, White CL , eds. Trace element metabolism in man and animals (TEMA-4) . Canberra: Australian Academy of Science, 1982:409-12.
107.
Schwarz K. , Milne DBFluorine requirement for growth in the rat . Bioinorg Chem1972;1:331-8.
108.
Leone NC, Stevenson CA, Hilbish TF, et al. A roentgenologic study of a human population exposed to high-fluoride domestic water. AJR1955;74:874-85.
109.
Ruliffson WS, Burns LV, Hughes JSThe effect of fluorine ion on Fe59 iron levels in blood of rats. Trans Kans Acad Sci1963 ;66:52-8.
110.
Drummond GI , Severson DL, Duncan L.Adenyl cyclase kinetic properties and nature of fluoride and hormone stimulation. J Biol Chem1971;246:4166-73.
111.
Messer HH, Armstrong WB, Singer L.Essentiality and function of fluoride. In: Hoekstra WG, Suttie JW, Ganther HE, et al, eds. Trace element metabolism in animals-2. Baltimore : University Park Press, 1974:425-37.
112.
Roholm K.Fluorine intoxication: a clinical hygenic study with a review of the literature and some experimental investigation. London : Lewis, 1937:213-53.
113.
Hodge HC, Smith FA: Biological properties of inorganic fluorides. In: Simon JH, Smith FA , eds. Fluorine chemistry, vol 4. New York: Academic Press, 1965:2-375.
114.
Hodge HC, Smith FAFluoride. In: Bronner F, Coburn JW, eds. Disorders of mineral metabolism: trace minerals. vol 1. New York: Academic Press, 1981:439-83.
115.
Carlisle EMA silicon requirement for normal skull formation in chicks. J Nutr1980;110:352-9.
116.
Schwarz K.A bound form of silicon in glycosaminoglycans and polyuronides. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA1973 ;70:1608-12.
117.
Schwarz K. , and Chen SCA bound form of silicon as a constituent of collagen (abstract). Fed Proc1974;33:704.
118.
Loeper J., Loeper J., Fragny M.The physiological role of silicon and its anti-atheromatous action . Nobel Symp1978;40:281-96.
119.
Borneus M.The centriole as a gyroscopic oscillator: implications of cell organization and some other consequences. Biol Cellulaire1979;35:115-32.
120.
Carlisle EM, McKeague JA, Siever R., et al. Silicon. In: Geochemistry and the environment, vol II. The relation of other selected trace elements to health and disease . Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences, 1977:54-72.
121.
Schwarz K. , Spallholz J.Growth effects of small cadmium supplements in rats maintained under trace element controlled conditions (abstract) . Fed Proc1976;35:255.
World Health Organization study group.Recommended health-based limits in occupational exposure to heavy metals. Technical report series no. 647. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1980.