Withholding and Withdrawing Nutritional Support;Advance Planning for Hard Choices

Schloendorff v New York Hospital, 105 NE 92, 93 (1914).

Olmstead v United States, 277 US 438, 478 (1928) (Brandeis J dissenting).

In re Quinlan, 355 A2d 647 (NJ 1976).

John F Kennedy Memorial Hospital v Bludworth, 452 So2d 921 (FL 1984).

Tune v Walter Reed Army Medical Hospital, 602 F Supp 1452 (DC 1985).

In re Conroy, 486 A2d 1209 (NJ 1985).

In re Colyer, 660 P2d 738 (1983), and cases cited therein.

Application of Lydia E Hall Hospital, 455 NYS2d 706 (Sup Ct Nassau Co 1983).

Lane v Candura, 376 NE2d 1232 (MA App 1978).

Bouvia v County of Riverside, No 159780 (Super Ct, County of Riverside, CA, December 16, 1983).

President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research. Deciding to forego life-sustaining treatment. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1983:82–9.

Callahan D. On feeding the dying. Hastings Cent Rep 1983; (Oct):22.

Lynn J Childress J. Must patients always be given food and water? Hastings Cent Rep 1983; (Oct):17–21.

Towers B. Irreversible coma and withdrawal of life support: is it murder if the IV line is disconnected? 1982;8:205.