A.S.P.E.N. Position Paper

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Canadian Critical Care Nutrition Clinical Guidelines. 9.4 Composition of Parenteral Nutrition: Glutamine Supplementation. Critical Care Nutrition Web site. www.criticalcarenutrition.com/docs/cpg/9.4pnglu_FINAL.pdf Published January 31 2009. Accessed March 2, 2010.

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Wang Y Jiang Z-M Nolan MT . The impact of glutamine dipeptide-supplemented parenteral nutrition on outcomes of surgical patients: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2010;34:521-529.

Grover Z Tubman RTRJ McGuire W . Glutamine supplementation for young infants with severe gastrointestinal disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;(1):CD005947. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD005947.pub2.

McClave SA Chang WK Dhaliwal R Heyland DK . Nutrition support in acute pancreatitis: a systematic review of the literature. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2006;30:143-156.

Oliveira GP Dias CM Pelosi P Rocco PR . Understanding the mechanisms of glutamine action in critically ill patients. An Acad Bras Cienc. 2010;82:417-430.

Windle EM . Glutamine supplementation in critical illness: evidence, recommendations, and implications for clinical practice in burn care. J Burn Care Res. 2006;27:764-772.

Van Gossum A Cabre E Hébuterne X . ESPEN guidelines on parenteral nutrition: gastroenterology. Clin Nutr. 2009;28(4):415-427.

Plauth M Cabré E Campillo B . ESPEN guidelines on parenteral nutrition: hepatology. Clin Nutr. 2009;28(4):436-444.

Brown SA Goringe A Fegan C . Parenteral glutamine protects hepatic function during bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1998;22:281-284.

Schloerb PR Amare M . Total parenteral nutrition with glutamine in bone marrow transplantation and other clinical applications (a randomized double-blind study). JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1993;17:407-413.

Ziegler TR Young LS Benfell K . Clinical and metabolic efficacy of glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition after bone marrow transplantation: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Ann Internal Med. 1992;116:821-828.

Pytlik R Benes P Patorkova M . Standardized parenteral alanyl-glutamine dipeptide supplementation is not beneficial in autologous transplant patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 2002;30: 953-961.

Young LS Bye R Scheltinga M Ziegler TR Jacobs DO Wilmore DW . Patients receiving glutamine-supplemented intravenous feedings report an improvement in mood. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1993;17:422-427.

MacBurney M Young LS Ziegler TR Wilmore DW . A cost-evaluation of glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition in adult bone marrow transplant patients. J Am Diet Assoc. 1994;94:1263-1266.

Scheltinga MR Young LS Benfell K . Glutamine-enriched intravenous feedings attenuate extracellular fluid expansion after a standard stress. Ann Surg. 1991;214:385-395.

Ziegler TR Bye RL Persinger RL Young LS Antin JH Wilmore DW . Effects of glutamine supplementation on circulating lymphocytes after bone marrow transplantation: a pilot study. Am J Med Sci. 1998;315:4-10.

da Gama Torres HO Vilela EG da Cunha AS . Efficacy of glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition on short-term survival following allo-SCT: a randomized study. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2008;41:1021-1027.

Sykorova A Horacek J Zak P Kmonicek M Bukac J Maly J . A randomized, double blind comparative study of prophylactic parenteral nutritional support with or without glutamine in autologous stem cell transplantation for hematological malignancies—three years’ follow-up. Neoplasma. 2005;52:476-482.

Scheid C Hermann K Kremer G . Randomized, double-blind, controlled study of glycyl-glutamine-dipeptide in the parenteral nutrition of patients with acute leukemia undergoing intensive chemotherapy. Nutrition. 2004;20:249-254.

Piccirillo N De Matteis S Laurenti L . Glutamine-enriched parenteral nutrition after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation: effects on immune reconstitution and mucositis. Haematologica. 2003;88:192-200.

Ziegler TR . Glutamine supplementation in cancer patients receiving bone marrow transplantation and high dose chemotherapy. J Nutr. 2001;131(9)(suppl):2578S-2584S; discussion 2590S.

Wilmore DW Schloerb PR Ziegler TR . Glutamine in the support of patients following bone marrow transplantation. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 1999;2:323-327.

Goringe AP Brown S O’Callaghan U . Glutamine and vitamin E in the treatment of hepatic veno-occlusive disease following high-dose chemotherapy. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1998;21:829-832.

Mercadal Orfila G Llop Talaverón JM Gracia García B . Utilización de Glutamina en nutrición parenteral tota en el paciente crítico: efectos sobre la morbi-motalidad] [Article in Spanish]. Nutr Hosp. 2007;22:61-67.

Gomez Candela C Castillo R de Cos AI . Efectos de la glutamina parenteral en pacientes sometidos a trasplante de médula ósea] [Article in Spanish]. Nutr Hosp. 2006;21:13-21.

de Beaux AC O’Riordain MG Ross JA Jodozi L Carter DC Fearon KC . Glutamine-supplemented total parenteral nutrition reduces blood mononuclear cell interleukin-8 release in severe acute pancreatitis. Nutrition. 1998;14(3):261-265.

Ockenga J Borchert K Rifai K Manns MP Bischoff SC . Effect of glutamine-enriched total parenteral nutrition in patients with acute pancreatitis. Clin Nutr. 2002;21(5):409-416.

Xian-li H Qing-jiu M Jian-guo L Yan-kui C Xi-lin D . Effect of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with and without glutamine dipeptide supplementation on outcome in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Clin Nutr Suppl. 2004;1:43-47.

Zhao G Wang CY Wang F Xiong JX . Clinical study on nutrition support in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2003;9(9):2105-2108.

Sahin H Mercanligil SM Inanç N Ok E . Effects of glutamine-enriched total parenteral nutrition on acute pancreatitis. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007;61(12):1429-1434.

Fuentes-Orozco C Cervantes-Guevara G Mucino-Hernandez I . L-alanyl-L-glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition decreases infectious morbidity rate in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2008;32:403-411.

Xue P Deng LH Xia Q . Impact of alanylglutamine dipeptide on severe acute pancreatitis in early stage. World J Gastroenterol. 2008;14:474-478.

Wischmeyer PE Lynch J Liedel J . Glutamine administration reduces Gram-negative bacteraemia in severely burned patients: a prospective, randomised, double-blind trial versus isonitrogenous control. Crit Care Med. 2001;29:2075-2080.

Hornsby-Lewis L Shike M Brown P Klang M Pearlstone D Brennan MF . L-glutamine supplementation in home total parenteral nutrition patients: stability, safety, and effects on intestinal absorption. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1994;18:268-273.

Berg A Bellander BM Wanecek M . Intravenous glutamine supplementation to head trauma patients leaves cerebral glutamate concentration unaffected. Intensive Care Med. 2006;32(11):1741-1746.

Sweetman SC , ed. Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference. 35th ed. London: Pharmaceutical Press, 2007:2382, 2473.

Aminosteril 10%. Farmacopedia.es. http://translate.google.com/ranslate?hl=en&sl=es&u=http://www.farmacopedia.es/aminosteril.html &ei=YLSNSuTeDJmqtgfd-djqDQ&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=9&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3Daminosteril%26hl%3Den%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en-US%26sa%3DN%26start%3D40 . Accessed August 20, 2009.

Dipeptiven. Medsafe. http://www.medsafe.govt.nz/profs/datasheet/d/Dipeptiveninf.htm . Published March 30, 2007. Accessed August 19, 2009.

Glamin. Medsafe. http://www.medsafe.govt.nz/Profs/datasheet/g/Glamininf.htm . Published September 5, 2008. Accessed August 19, 2009.

Glamin. Baxter Germany. http://www.baxter.de/downloads/fachinformation/glamin.pdf . Published August 2007. Accessed August 20, 2009.

Glamin. Fresenius Kabi, Germany. http://www.health.gov.il/units//pharmacy/trufot/alonim/4042.pdf . Accessed August 20, 2009.

Food and Drug Administration. List of bulk drug substances that may be used in pharmacy compounding. Federal Register. 1999;64:996-1003.

Pharmaceutical compounding—sterile preparations (general information chapter 797). In: The United States Pharmacopeia, 30th rev., and The National Formulary, 25th ed. Rockville, MD: The United States Pharmacopeial Convention; 2007:334-351.