Dudrick SJ, Maharaj AR, McKelvey AA.Artificial nutritional support in patients with gastrointestinal fistulas. World J Surg23:570–576, 1999
2.
Kuvshinoff BW, Brodish RJ, McFadden DW, et al. Serum transferrin as a prognostic indicator of spontaneous closure and mortality in gastrointestinal cutaneous fistulas. Ann Surg217:615–623, 1993
3.
Bowlin JW, Hardy JD, Conn JH.External alimentary tract fistulas: Analysis of seventy-nine cases, with notes on management. Am J Surg193:6–14, 1962
4.
Schein M, Decker GA.Postoperative external alimentary tract fistulas. Am J Surg161:435–438, 1991
5.
Fischer JE.The pathophysiology of enterocutaneous fistulas. World J Surg7:446–450, 1983
6.
Aguirre A, Fischer JE.Intestinal fistulas. IN Total Parenteral Nutrition, Fischer JE, (ed). Little, Brown and Company, Boston, 1976, pp 203–218
7.
Spiliotis J, Briand D, Gouttebel MC, et al. Treatment of fistulae of the gastrointestinal tract with TPN and octreotide in patients with carcinoma. Surg Gynecol Obstet176:575–580, 1993
Moser AJ, Roslyn JJ.Management of enterocutaneous fistulae. IN Current Surgical Therapy, 6th ed, Cameron JL (ed). Mosby-Yearbook, Inc.St Louis, MO, 1998, pp 155–159
10.
Fischer JE.Ileal fistula. IN Common Problems in Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fischer JE (ed). Year Book Medical Publishers, Chicago, 1988, pp 289–297
11.
Makhdoom ZA, Komar MJ, Still CD.Nutrition and enterocutaneous fistulas. J Clin Gastroenterol31:195–204, 2000
12.
Alvarez C, McFadden DW, Rcber HA.Complicated enterocutaneous fistulas: Failure to improve healing. World J Surg24:533–537, 2000
13.
Sancho JJ, di Costanzo J, Nubiola P, et al. Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of early octreotide in patients with postoperative enterocutaneous fistulas. Br J Surg82:638–641, 1995
14.
Martineau P, Shwed JA, Denis R.Is octreotide a new hope for enterocutaneous and external pancreatic fistulas closure?Am J Surg172:386–395, 1996
15.
Dorta G.Role of octreotide and somatostatin in the treatment of intestinal fistulae. Digestion60(Suppl 2):53–56, 1999
16.
Di Costanzo J, Cano N, Martin J, et al. Treatment of external gastrointestinal fistulas by a combination of TPN and somatostatin. JPEN11:465–470, 1987
17.
Byrne WJ, Burke M, Fonkalsrud EW, et al. Home parenteral nutrition: An alternative to the management of complicated gastrointestinal fistulas not responding to conventional medical or surgical therapy. JPEN3:355–359, 1979
18.
Rombeau JL, Rolandelli RH.Enteral and parenteral nutrition in patients with enteric fistulas and short bowel syndrome. Surg Clin North Am67:551–571, 1987
19.
Levy E, Frileux P, Cugnenc PH, et al. High-output external fistulae of the small bowel: Management with continuous enteral nutrition. Br J Surg76:676–679, 1989
20.
MacFayden VB Jr, Dudrick SJ, Ruberg RL.Management of gastrointestinal fistulas with parenteral hyperalimentation. Surgery74:100–105, 1973
21.
Dirdai E, Pirityi S, Nagy L.Parenteral and enteral nutrition and the enterocutaneous fistula treatment. II. Factors influencing the outcome of treatment. Acta Chir Hung32:305–318, 1991
22.
Bosscha K, Vroonhoven TJ.Novel approach to the treatment of intestinal fistula in the inaccessible abdomen: Transbursal end-to-side duodenogastrostomy. Br J Surg82:276–278, 1998