Photopolymerized poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)/poly(ε-caprolactone)/poly(ethylene glycol) system as a potential wound dressing material

Abstract

Polymeric hydrogel systems based on poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), poly(ε-caprolactone), and poly(ethylene glycol) were prepared by photopolymerization using 2,4,6-trimethyl benzoyl diphenyl phosphine oxide as the photoinitiator. The structural details, morphology, and crystallinity were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The fluid uptake of the hydrogels was measured using swelling analysis. Based on a hemolysis assay, the prepared hydrogels were non-hemolytic. No attachment of fibroblasts to the hydrogel systems was observed. Stress–strain results indicated that the poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), poly(ε-caprolactone), and poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel system (85:10:5) possessed better mechanical properties. Cytotoxic assessment by direct contact method of 85:10:5 systems found that the hydrogel was non-cytotoxic to L929 fibroblasts. This hydrophilic polymer system has a potential for wound dressing applications.

Keywords

Photopolymerization hydrogels poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel semi-crystalline hydrogels photoinitiator 2,4,6-trimethyl benzoyl diphenyl phosphine oxide hydrogel swelling hemolysis wound dressing fibroblasts

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Holbrook

Wolff

. The structure and development of skin. In: Fitzpatrick

(ed.) Dermatology in general medicine. 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993, pp. 97–144.

Yannas

Burke

. Design of an artificial skin. I. Basic design principles. J Biomed Mater Res 1980; 14: 65–81.

Dagalakis

Flink

Stasikelis

. Design of an artificial skin. Part III. Control of pore structure. J Biomed Mater Res 1980; 14: 511–528.

Matsuda

Suzuki

Isshiki

. Evaluation of bilayer artificial skin capable of sustained release of an antibiotic. Biomaterials 1992; 13: 119–122.

Seaman

. Dressing selection in chronic wound management. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2002; 92: 24–33.

Winter

. Formation of scab and rate of epithelialization of superficial wounds in the skin of the young domestic pig. Nature 1962; 193: 293–294.

Thomas

Hay

. Fluid handling properties of hydrogel. Ostomy Wound Manage 1995; 41: 54–59.

Gao

Mao

. Collagen/chitosan porous scaffolds with improved biostability for skin tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2003; 24: 4833–4841.

Azad

Sermsintham

Chandrkrachang

. Chitosan membrane as a wound-healing dressing: characterization and clinical applications. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2004; 69: 216–222.

10.

Suzuki

Nishimura

Tanihara

. Evaluation of a novel alginate dressing: cytotoxicity to fibroblasts in vitro and foreign body reactions in pig skin in vivo. J Biomed Mater Res 1998; 39: 317–322.

11.

Doillon

. Porous collagen sponge wound dressings: in vivo and in vitro studies. J Biomater Appl 1988; 2: 562–578.

12.

Chen

. Medicated wound dressings based on poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone)/chitosan hydrogels. J Appl Polym Sci 2006; 101: 2453–2463.

13.

Faxalv

Ekblad

Leidberg

. Blood compatibility of photografted hydrogel coatings. Acta Biomater 2010; 6: 2599–2608.

14.

Singh

Ray

. Graft copolymerization of 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate onto chitosan films and their blood compatibility. J Appl Polym Sci 1994; 53: 1115–1121.

15.

Singh

Nayak

Kumar

. Proliferation of myoblast skeleton cells on three dimensional super macro porous cryogels. Int J Biol Sci 2010; 6: 371–378.

16.

Mohan

Nair

. Polyvinyl alcohol–poly(caprolactone) semi IPN scaffolds with implication for cartilage tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2008; 84: 584–594.

17.

Florence

Samuel

. Hydrophilic-hydrophobic binary systems of poly (2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate) and polycaprolactone. Part I: synthesis and characterization. J Bioact Compat Polym 1994; 9: 29–54.

18.

Harrison

. Poly(ethylene glycol) biotechnical and biomedical applications. New York: Plenum Publishers, 1992, p. 199.

19.

Jung

Kim

Lee

. Preparation and properties of modified PHEMA hydrogel with sulphonated PEG graft. J Appl Polym Sci 2006; 104: 2484–2489.

20.

Giglio

Cafagna

Giangrigorio

. PHEMA-based thin hydrogel films for biomedical applications. J Bioact Compat Polym 2011; 26: 420–434.

21.

Rayment

George

. Aqueous PEG-HEMA hydrogel synthesis using gamma irradiation for wound dressing applications. In: Tissue engineering society international conference, Shanghai, China, 22–25 October 2005.

22.

Decker

. UV-curing chemistry: past, present, and future. J Coat Technol 1987; 59: 97–106.

23.

Kopecek

. Hydrogel biomaterials: a smart future? Biomaterials 2007; 28: 5185–5192.

24.

Abidian

Kim

Martin

. Conducting-polymer nanotubes for controlled drug release. Adv Mater 2006; 18: 405–409.

25.

Omidian

Mastropietro

Kandalam

. Swelling, strength and biocompatibility of acrylate based superporous hydrogel hybrids. J Bioact Compat Polym 2014; 29: 66–80.

26.

Frank

Lauterbur

. Voltage sensitive magnetic gels as magnetic resonance monitoring agents. Nature 1993; 363: 334–336.

27.

Korsmeyer

Peppas

. Effect of morphology of hydrophilic polymeric matrices on the diffusion and release of water soluble drugs. J Memb Sci 1981; 9: 211–227.

28.

Jin

Prabhakaran

Ramakrishna

. Stem cell differentiation to epidermal lineages on electrospun nanofibrous substrates for skin tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2011; 7: 3113–3122.

29.

Soumy

. Towards development of bilayer dermal rudiment with nano/microfiber architecture: a tissue engineering perspective. PhD Thesis, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India, 2012.

30.

Lee

Powers

Baney

. Physicochemical properties and blood compatibility of acylated chitosan nanoparticles. Carbohydr Polym 2004; 58: 371–377.