This paper reports a detailed comparison of two groups of children from the same psychiatric clinic, one with a delay in language development and an age- and sex-matched control group with no such delay. The language-delay group was highly likely to have either a diagnosis of mental retardation or infantile autism. Very few psychiatric symptoms occurred more frequently in the language-delay group than in the comparison group, and those that did were characteristic of retarded or autistic children. The language-delay group was more likely to have other developmental abnormalities, hearing impairment, and evidence of central nervous system dysfunction. (J Child Neurol 1987;2:128-133).
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Barbara DH: Psychological and Psychiatric Aspects of Speech and Hearing. Springfield, Ill, Charles C Thomas, 1960.
2.
Karlin I.: Aphasias in children. Am J Dis Child1954;87:752-767.
3.
Schlanger BB: Brain injury, mental retardation, aphasia, and emotional maladjustment in delayed and defective speech, in Levin NM (ed): Voice and Speech Disorders: Medical Aspects. Springfield, Ill, Charles C Thomas, 1962, pp 557-603.
4.
Weiner PS: The emotionally disturbed child in the speech clinic: Some considerations . J Speech Hear Disord1968;33: 158-166.
5.
Rutter M., Tizard J., Whitmore K: Education, Health and Behavior. London , Longman Green, 1970.
6.
Stevenson J. , Richman N.: Behavior, language and development in three-year-old children. J Autism Child Schizo1978;8: 299-313.
7.
Cantwell DP, Baker L.: Psychiatric learning disorders in children with communication disorders . Adv Learn Behav Dis1985;4:29-47.
8.
Cantwell DP, Baker L., Mattison RE: Factors associated with the development of psychiatric disorder in children with speech and language retardation. Arch Gen Psychiatry1980;37:423-426.
9.
Wylie JL, Franchack P., McWilliams BJ: Characteristics of children with speech disorders seen in a child guidance center. Percept Mot Skills1965;20:1101-1107.
10.
Chess S., Rosenberg J.: Clinical differentiation among children with initial language complaints . J Autism Child Schizo1974;4: 99-109.
11.
Clausen JA: Family structure, socialization, and personality, in Hoffman L (ed): Review of Child Development . New York, Russell Sage Foundation , 1966, Vol 2, pp 1-53.
12.
Lawton D.: Social Class, Language, and Education. London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1968.
13.
Rutter M.: Family relationships and the development of child psychiatric disorder. Read before the Association of Child Psychology andPsychiatry , London, May 14, 1969.
14.
Bruck M., Tucker GR: Social class differences in the acquisition of school language. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly1974;203:205-220.
15.
Scott R., Seifert K.: Family size and learning: Readiness profiles of socioeconomically disadvantaged preschool whites. J Psychol1975;89:3-7.
16.
Tronczynska J.: The distribution of children with delayed speech development by birth rank. J Fr Otorhinolaryngol1973;22:137-138.
17.
Gualtieri CT , Koriath U., Van Bourgondien M., et al: Language disorders in children referred for psychiatric services. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry1983;22:165-171.
18.
American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, ed 3. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 1980.
19.
Conners CK: Rating scales for use in drug studies with children. Psychopharmacol Bull (special issue) 1973, pp 24-84.
20.
Ingram TTS : Specific developmental disorders of speech in childhood. Brain1959;82:450-467.
