Delayed Bilateral Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion in a Pediatric Patient Following Traumatic Injury: Insights on Management and Interventional Approach

Abstract

Carotid artery dissection is a rare but significant cause of pediatric stroke, often associated with trauma or underlying collagen vascular disorders. The management of these cases, both medical and surgical, is complex, particularly in bilateral dissections where collateral circulation may be insufficient. We describe a case of bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion that developed 10 days after an initial traumatic fall. The progression of ischemic stroke burden and fluctuating neurologic status, despite therapeutic anticoagulation and optimal medical management, led to the decision for endovascular intervention involving balloon angioplasty and stenting. Following the procedure, a rapid improvement in neurologic function was observed, with the patient exhibiting only mild deficits at discharge. This case highlights the complexities in managing pediatric carotid dissections, especially in unusual presentations. Our experience underscores the necessity for tailored treatment strategies, rigorous monitoring, and a multidisciplinary approach to optimize outcomes in pediatric stroke patients.