Neurobrucellosis Mimicking Brain Tumor in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report

Abstract

Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection common in many parts of the world, but rare in the United States. This case report presents a unique instance of pediatric neurobrucellosis mimicking a brain tumor, marking the first reported case in the United States and only the fourth globally in the general population. Brucellosis is endemic to the Middle East, Indian subcontinent, South Africa, parts of South and Central America, and Mexico. The primary Brucella species causing human infection include Brucella melitensis (reservoir: sheep and goats), Brucella suis (swine), and Brucella abortus (cattle), with transmission primarily via unpasteurized dairy, direct animal contact, or inhalation of aerosols. ¹ Neurobrucellosis, a rare complication, manifests in diverse ways, including meningitis, encephalitis, cranial neuropathies, intracranial hypertension, and psychiatric symptoms. Its clinical variability often leads to diagnostic delays and complications. Early recognition and treatment require a high index of suspicion to mitigate its potentially severe outcomes. ² This case underscores the importance of considering neurobrucellosis in atypical neurologic presentations.