Prader-Willi Syndrome With a Long-Contiguous Stretch of Homozygosity Not Covering the Critical Region

Abstract

Prader-Willi syndrome is a common and complex disorder affecting multiple systems. Its main manifestations are infantile hypotonia with a poor sucking reflex, a characteristic facial appearance, mild mental retardation, hypogonadism and early-onset obesity. Prader-Willi syndrome is due to the absence of paternally expressed imprinted genes at 15q11.2-13, and 3 main mechanisms are known to be involved in its pathogenesis: paternal microdeletions, maternal uniparental disomy events, and imprinting defects. DNA methylation analysis can detect almost all individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome but is unable to distinguish between the molecular classes of the disease. Thus, additional methods are necessary to identify the molecular classes. Here, we employed chromosomal microarray analysis–single nucleotide polymorphism for diagnosis and detected a long-contiguous stretch of homozygosity on chromosome 15, which is highly predictive of maternal uniparental disomy on chromosome 15. Other methods, including fluorescence in situ hybridization, chromosomal microarray analysis–comparative genomic hybridization, genotyping and family linkage analysis, were performed for further validation. In conclusion, our study highlights the use of long-contiguous stretch of homozygosity detection for the diagnosis of Prader-Willi syndrome.