Presurgical evaluation of children with mesial temporal sclerosis has shown severe neurocognitive impairments. There is debate about lateralized material-specific deficits in memory in children with mesial temporal sclerosis. The authors examined lateralization of brain dysfunction and age appropriate development of cognitive functions in 17 children (7-15 years) with mesial temporal sclerosis who had histories of uncontrolled epilepsy. The National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) neuropsychological battery for children was employed and each participant’s performance was compared with the norms. Results showed that the battery was sensitive to deficits in learning and memory associated with mesial temporal sclerosis. However, a lack of clearly lateralized material-specific memory deficits in children with left/right mesial temporal sclerosis was also observed. Performance on tests that assess learning, attention, working memory, and visuospatial functions was found to be below the age appropriate level. Children with mesial temporal sclerosis showed widely distributed neuropsychological deficits.
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