Human parvovirus B19 generally causes erythema infectiosum in childhood, but it can be associated with unusual findings, particularly in immunocompromised patients. This is a report about an immunocompetent 4-year-old female child affected with acute encephalitis by parvovirus B19, documented by polymerase chain reaction performed on cerebrospinal fluid, who was treated with intravenous immunoglobulins and dexamethasone and who developed a cerebellar syndrome with ataxia, dysmetria, and dysarthria. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this may be the first report of human parvovirus B19 encephalitis complicated by severe ataxia in childhood.
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