Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood is a novel type of parainfectious encephalopathy with a racial and geographic predilection, rarely reported from other than East Asian areas. The objective was to describe the clinical, imaging, and other laboratory findings of non-Asian patients with acute necrotizing encephalopathy. Data were collected from three patients diagnosed in Athens over a 4-year period plus 16 cases reported from other European and North American countries. One of the Greek children died, and the other two had a normal outcome. A neuropathologic examination in the fatal case showed edematous necrosis without inflammatory, reactive, or proliferative changes. Data from Greek and other non-Asian patients support the homogeneity of the disease worldwide. (J Child Neurol 2006;21:872—879; DOI 10.2310/7010.2006.00210).
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