Influenza-associated encephalopathy is characterized by high fever, convulsions, and loss of consciousness associated with influenza infection in children, but its pathophysiology remains to be clarified. We examined 14-3-3 proteins, which
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Steininger C. , Popow-Kraupp T., Laferl H., et al: Acute encephalopathy associated with influenza A virus infection. Clin Infect Dis2003;36:567—574.
2.
Morishima T. , Togashi T., Yokota S., et al: Encephalitis and encephalopathy associated with an influenza epidemic in Japan. Clin Infect Dis2002;35:512—517.
3.
Weitkamp JH, Spring MD, Brogan T., et al: Influenza A virus-associated acute necrotizing encephalopathy in the United States. Pediatr Infect Dis J2004;23:259—263.
4.
Sazgar M., Robinson JL, Chan AK, et al: Influenza B acute necrotizing encephalopathy: A case report and literature review. Pediatr Neurol2003 ;28:396—399.
5.
Kasai T., Togashi T., Morishima T.: Encephalopathy associated with influenza epidemics. Lancet2000;355:1558—1559.
6.
Fu H., Subramanian RR, Masters SC: 14-3-3 proteins: Structure, function, and regulation. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol2000;40:617— 647.
7.
Boston PF, Jackson P., Thompson RJ: Human 14-3-3 protein: Radioimmunoassay, tissue distribution, and cerebrospinal fluid levels in patients with neurological disorders. JNeurochem1982; 38:1475—1482.
8.
Hsich G., Kenney K., Gibbs CJ, et al: The 14-3-3 brain protein in cerebrospinal fluid as a marker for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. N Engl J Med1996;335:924—930.
9.
World Health Organization: Global Surveillance, Diagnosis and Therapy of Human Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies: Report of a WHO Consultation, WHO/EMC/ZDI/98/9. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1998.
10.
Berg D., Holzmann C., Riess O.: 14-3-3 proteins in the nervous system, Nat Rev Neurosci2003;4:752—762.
11.
Baxter HC, Fraser JR, Liu WG, et al: Specific 14-3-3 isoform detection and immunolocalization in prion diseases. Biochem Soc Trans2002;30:387—391.
12.
Wiltfang J. , Otto M., Baxter HC, et al: Isoform pattern of 14-3-3 proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. JNeurochem1999;73:2485—2490.
13.
Kenney K., Brechtel C., Takahashi H., et al: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify 14-3-3 proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid of suspected Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease patients . Ann Neurol2000;48:395—398.
