Building climate-resilient and low-carbon healthcare systems in Canada: A need for policy shift for a path to net zero

Abstract

Climate change is straining Canada’s health system. Canada pledged to develop climate-resilient and low-carbon sustainable health systems, with a net zero target. Despite this commitment, progress remains slow and fragmented, with many regions lacking cohesive, evidence-based strategies. While some provinces and health authorities have taken the lead, their efforts are hindered by inadequate investment. Limited data on low-carbon resilient strategies led to a comparative policy analysis of similar health systems to identify solutions. Canada can draw lessons from countries like the United Kingdom and Australia, which have committed to net zero health systems supported by robust national strategies. Australia’s approach offers a model for Canada to follow, providing a clear governance structure, accountability mechanisms, and coordinated investments. A similar federal strategy could ensure alignment across provinces and drive transformative change. Without urgent action, Canada risks continued health sector emissions, further system deterioration, and rising health impacts, including preventable deaths.