This study examined whether the relationships between mother-versus teacher-rated hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention, and cognitive, intellectual, academic, and behavioral competencies in children previously diagnosed with Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) varied as afunction of the rater. Findings revealed variability between mother and teacher perceptions in how AD/HD primary symptomatology were expressed as well as in correlate patterns. While mothers were more likely to see hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention as overlapping, teachers saw these dimensions as functionally distinct. Moreover, intellectual, academic, and behavioral correlates of the two dimensions differed depending on the who identified the hyperactivity-impulsivity and/or inattention.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Achenbach, T. M., & McConaughy, S. H. (1987). Empirically based assessment of child and adolescent psychopathology: Practical applications. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
2.
Achenbach, T. M., McConaughy, S. H., & Howell, C. T. (1987). Child/adolescent behavioral and emotional problems: Implications of cross-informant correlations for situational specificity. Psychological Bulletin, 101(2), 213-232.
3.
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental discorders (4th ed., rev., DSM-IV). Washington, DC: Author.
4.
American Psychiatric Association (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed., rev., DSM-III-R). Washington, DC: Author.
5.
American Psychiatric Association (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed., DSM-III). Washington, DC: Author.
6.
Barkley, R. A. (1990). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment. New York: Guilford Press.
7.
Barkley, R. A., DuPaul, G. J., & McMurray, M. B. (1990). Comprehensive evaluation of attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity as defined by research criteria. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58(6), 775-789.
8.
Barkley, R. A., DuPaul, G. J., & McMurray, M. B. (1991). Attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity: Clinical response to three dose levels of methylphenidate. Pediatrics, 87(4), 519-531.
9.
Barkley, R. A., Grodzinsky, G., & DuPaul, G. J. (1992). Frontal lobe functions in attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity: A review and research report. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 20(2), 163-188.
10.
Bates, J. E., Bayles, K., Bennett, D. S., Ridge, B., & Brown, M. M. (1991). Origins of externalizing behavior problems at eight years of age. In D. J. Pepler & K. H. Rubin (Eds.), The development and treatment of childhood aggression (pp. 93-120). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
11.
Bauermeister, J. J., Alegria, M., Bird, H. R., Rubio-Stipec, M., & Canino, G. (1992). Are attetnional-hyperactivity deficits unidimensional or multidimensional syndromes. Empirical findings from a community survey. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31(3), 423-431.
12.
Berry, C. A., Shaywitz, S. E., & Shaywitz, B. A. (1985). Girls with attention deficit disorder: A silent minority? A report on behavioral and cognitive characteristics. Pediatrics, 76(5), 801-809.
13.
Breen, M. J., & Barkley, R. A. (1983). The Personality Inventory for Children: Its clinical utility with hyperactive children. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 13, 359-366.
14.
Bremer, D. A., & Stern, J. A. (1976). Attention and distractibility during reading in hyperactive boys. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 4, 381-387.
15.
Cantwell, D. P., & Baker, L. (1988). Issues in the classification of child and adolescent psychopathology. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 27(5), 521-533.
16.
Cantwell, D. P., & Baker, L. (1992). Attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity: A review and comparison of matched groups. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31(3), 432-438.
17.
Carlson, C .L., Lahey, B. B., Frame, C. L., Walker, J., & Hynd, G. W. (1987). Sociometric status of clinic-referred children with attention deficit disorders with and without hyperactivity. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 15(4), 537-547.
18.
Das, J. P., Naglieri, J. A., & Kirby, J. R. (1994). Assessment of cognitive processes: The PASS theory of intelligence. Chicago, IL: Riverside Publishing Company.
19.
Douglas, V. I. (1983). Attention and cognitive problems. In M. Rutter (Ed.), Developmental neuropsychiatry (pp. 280-329). New York: Guilford Press.
20.
Dykman, R. A., & Ackerman, P. T. (1993). Behavioral subtypes of attention deficit disorder. Exceptional Children, 60(2), 132-141.
21.
Edelbrock, C. (1983). Problems and issues in using rating scales to assess child personality and psychopathology. School Psychology Review, 12, 293-299.
22.
Goldstein, S., & Goldstein, M. (1992). Why won't my child pay attention: A complete guide to ADD for parents, teachers, and community agencies. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
23.
Guevremont, D. C., & Barkley, R. A. (1992). Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder in children. In S. R. Hooper, G. W. Hynd, & R. E. Mattison (Eds.), Child psychopathology: Diagnostic criteria and clinical assessment (pp. 137-178). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
24.
Guevremont, D. C., DuPaul, G. J., & Barkley, R. A. (1990). Diagnosis and assessment of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder in children. Journal of School Psychology, 28, 51-78.
25.
Handwerk, M. L., Larzelere, R. E., Soper, S. H., & Friman, P. C. (1999). Parent and child discrepancies in reporting severity of problem behaviors in three out-of-home settings. Psychological Assessment, 11(1), 14-23.
26.
Jastak, S., & Wilkinson, G. S. (1984). Wide Range Achievement Test-Revised. Wilmington, DE: Jastak Associates.
27.
King, C., & Young, R. D. (1982). Attention deficits with and without hyperactivity: Teacher and peer perceptions. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 10(4), 438-496.
28.
Lahey, B. B., Applegate, B., McBurnett, K., Biederman, J., Greenhill, L., Hynd, G. W., Barkley, R. A., Newcorn, J., Jensen, P., Richters, J., Garfinkel, B., Kerdyk, L., Frick, P. J., Olldendick, T., Perez, D., Hart, E. L., Waldman, I., & Shaffer, D. (1994). DSM-IV field trials for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 1673-1685.
29.
Lahey, B. B., & Carlson, C. L. (1991). Validity of the diagnostic category of attention deficit disorder without hyperactivity: A review of the literature. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 24(2), 110-120.
30.
Lahey, B. B., Pelham, W. E., Schaughency, E. A., Atkins, M. S., Murphy, H. A., Hynd, G., Russo, M., Hartdagen, S., & Lory-Vernon, A. (1988). Dimensions and types of attention deficit disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 27(3), 330-334.
31.
Lahey, B. B., Schaughency, E. A., Hynd, G. W., Carlson, C. L., & Nieves, N. (1987). Attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity: Comparison of behavioral characteristics of clinic-referred children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 26(5), 718-723.
32.
Lahey, B. B., Schaughency, E. A., Frame, C. L., & Strauss, C. C. (1985). Teacher ratings of attention problems in children experimentally classified as exhibiting attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 24(5), 613-616.
33.
Loeber, R., & Lahey, B. B. (1989). Recommendations for research on disruptive behavior disorders of childhood and adolescence. In B. B. Lahey & A. E. Kazdin (Eds.), Advances in Clinical Child Psychology (Vol. 12) (pp. 221-251). New York: Plenum Press.
34.
McBurnett, K., Lahey, B. B., & Pfiffner, L. J. (1993). Diagnosis of attention deficit disorders in DSM-IV: Scienctific basis and implication for education. Exceptional Children, 60(2), 108-117.
35.
McGee, R., Williams, S., Bradshaw, J., Chapcl, J. L., Robins, A., & Silva, P. A. (1985). The Rutter Scale for completion by teachers: Factor structure and relationships with cognitive abilities and family adversity for a sample of New Zealand children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 26(5), 727-739.
36.
Newcorn, J. H., Halperin, J. M., Healey, J. M., O'Brien, J. D., Pasculvaca, D. M., Wolf, L. E., Morganstein, A., Sharma, V., & Young, G. J. (1989). Are ADDH and ADHD the same or different?Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 285, 735-738.
37.
Offord, D. R., Boyle, M. H., & Racine, Y. (1990). Ontario Child Health Study: Correlates of disorder. In S. Chess and M. E. Hertzig (Eds.), Annual progress in child psychiatry and child development. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
38.
Reardon, S. M., & Naglieri, J. A. (1992). PASS cognitive processing characteristics of normal and ADHD males. Journal of School Psychology, 30, 151-163.
39.
Reynolds, C. R., & Kamphaus, R. W. (1992). Behavior Assessment System for Children. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service
40.
Sabatino, D. A., & Vance, H. B. (1994). Is the diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder meaningful?Psychology in the Schools, 31, 188-196.
41.
Schwean, V. L., & Saklofske, D. H. (1998). WISC-III assessment of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In A. Prifitera & D. Saklofske (Eds.), WISC-III clinical use and interpretation: Scientist-practitioner perspective (pp. 91-118). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
42.
Schwean, V. L., Saklofske, D. H., Yackulic, R. A., & Quinn, D. (1993). WISC-III performance of ADHD children (Monograph). Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 56-70.
43.
Sergeant, J. A., & Scholten, C. A. (1985). On data limitations in hyperactivity. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 25(1), 11-24.
44.
Szatmari, P., Offord, D. R., & Boyle, M. H. (1989). Ontario Child Health Study: Prevalence of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 30(2), 219-230.
45.
Szatmari, P., Offord, D. R., Siegel, L., Finlayson, M. A. J., Tuff, L. (1990). The clinical significance of neurocognitive impairments among children with psychiatric disorders: Diagnosis and situational specificity. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 31(2), 287-299.
46.
Thorndike, R. J., Hagen, E. P., & Sattler, J. M. (1986). Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition. Chicago: Riverside Publishing.
47.
Ward, L., & Traweek, D. (1993). Application of a metacognitive strategy to assessment, intervention, and consultation: A think-aloud technique. Journal of School Psychology, 31, 469-485.
48.
Wechsler, D. (1991). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (3rd ed.). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
49.
Wender, P. H. (1987). The hyperactive child, adolescent, and adult: Attention deficit disorder through the lifespan. New York: Oxford University Press.
50.
Woodcocok, R. W. (1987). Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests-Revised. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
