This article examines the scale structure of the Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents (RSCA). Confirmatory factor analysis reveals that a three-factor model is a better fit than one- or two-factor models for the normative sample. These findings lend support to the construct validity of the RSCA. The three-factor model is discussed as a framework that is useful in systematically relating critical aspects of resiliency in children and adolescents for the purpose of clinical intervention.
L'article suivant porte sur la structure des Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents (RSCA). Une analyse factorielle confirmatoire révèle qu'un modèle à trois facteurs constitue une meilleure solution que des modèles à un ou à deux facteurs, chez un échantillon normatif. Ces résultats appuient la validité de concept des RSCA. Le modèle à trois facteurs est abordé dans un contexte utile qui relie systématiquement des aspects cruciaux de la résilience chez les enfants et les adolescents, dans une perspective d'intervention clinique.
Baldwin, A.L., Baldwin, C.P., Kasser, T., Zax, M., Sameroff, A., & Seifer, R. (1993). Contextual risk and resiliency during late adolescence . Development & Psychopathology, 5(4), 741-761.
2.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84, 191-215.
3.
Bentler, P.M., & Bonett, D.G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin , 88, 588-606.
4.
Bowen, M. (1978). Family therapy in clinical practice. New York: Jason Aronson.
5.
Brooks, R.B. (1994). Children at risk: Fostering resilience and hope . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 64(4), 545-553.
6.
Brown, T. (2006). Confirmatory factory analysis for applied research . New York: Guilford.
7.
Cicchetti, D., Ganiban, J., & Barnett, D. (1991). Contributions from the study of high risk populations to understanding the development of emotion regulation. In J. Garber & K. Dodge (Eds.), The development of emotion regulation and dysregulation (pp. 15-48). New York: Cambridge University Press.
8.
Davidson, R.J. (2000). Affective style, psychopathology and resilience: Brain mechanisms and plasticity. American Psychologist, 55, 1196-1214.
9.
Eisenberg, N., Champion, C., & Ma, Y. (2004). Emotion-related regulation: An emerging construct . Merrill Palmer Quarterly, 50(3), 236-259.
10.
Erikson, E.H. (1963). Childhood and society (2nd ed). New York: Norton.
11.
Eysenck, H.J. (1967). The biological basis of personality. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas.
12.
Garmezy, N., Masten, A.S., & Tellegen, A. (1984). The study of stress and competence in children: A building block for developmental psychopathology. Child Development, 55, 97-111.
13.
Graham, J., Guthrie, A., & Thompson, B. (2003). Consequences of not interpreting structure coefficients in published CFA research: A reminder. Structural Equation Modeling, 10, 142-153.
14.
Hu, L.-T., & Bentler, P. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6, 1-55.
15.
Jacelon, C.S. (1997). The trait and process of resilience. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 25, 123-129.
16.
Luthar, S.S. (1991). Vulnerability and resilience: A study of high-risk adolescents. Child Development, 62, 600-616.
17.
Luthar, S.S., & Zigler, E. (1991). Vulnerability and competence: A review of the research on resilience in childhood. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 61, 6-22.
18.
Luthar, S.S., & Zigler, E. (1992). Intelligence and social competence among high-risk adolescents. Development and Psychopathology, 4, 287-299.
19.
Masten, A.S. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development . American Psychologist, 56, 227-238.
20.
Masten, A.S. (2004). Regulatory processes, risk and resilience in adolescent development. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1021, 310-319.
21.
Masten, A.S., Burt, K., & Coatsworth, J.D. (2006). Competence and psychopathology in development. In D. Cicchetti & D. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology (2nd ed., pp. 696-738). New York: John Wiley.
22.
Masten, A.S., & Coatsworth, J.D. (1998). The development of competence in favorable and unfavorable environments: Lessons from research on successful children. American Psychologist, 53(2), 205-220.
23.
Masten, A.S., & Powell, J.L. (2003). A resilience framework for research, policy, and practice. In S. S. Luthar (Ed.), Resilience and vulnerability: Adaptation in the context of childhood adversities (pp. 1-25). New York: Cambridge University Press.
24.
Polk, L.V. (1997). Toward a middle-range theory of resilience. Advances in Nursing Science, 19, 1-13.
25.
Prince-Embury, S. (2006). Resiliency Scales for Adolescents: Profiles of personal strengths. San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Assessments.
26.
Prince-Embury, S. (2007). Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents: Profiles of personal strengths. San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Assessments.
27.
Prince-Embury, S., & Courville, T. (2008). Measurement invariance of the Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents with respect to sex and age cohorts. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 23(1), 26-40.
28.
Rende, R., & Plomin, R. (1993). Families at risk for psychopathology: Who becomes affected and why? Development and Psychopathology, 5, 529-540.
29.
Rothbart, M.K., & Derryberry, D. (1981). Development of individual differences in temperament. In M. E. Lamb & A. L. Brown (Eds.), Advances in developmental psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 37-86). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
30.
Rutter, M. (1987). Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57, 316-331.
31.
Rutter, M., Harrington, R., & Quinton, D. (1994). Adult outcome of conduct disorder in childhood . In R. D. Ketterlinus & M. E. Lamb (Eds.), Adolescent problem behaviors: Issues and research (pp. 57-80). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
32.
Schumacker, R.E., & Lomax, R.G. (1996). A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling . Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum .
33.
Seligman, M.E.P. (2000). Positive psychology. In J. E. Gillham (Ed.), Science of optimism and hope: Research essays in honor of Martin E. P. Seligman (pp. 415-429). Philadelphia : Templeton Foundation Press.
34.
Steiger, J.H. (1990). Structural model evaluation and modification: An interval estimation approach. Multivariate Behavioral Research , 25, 173-180.
35.
Thomas, A., & Chess, S. (1977), Temperament and development. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
36.
Thompson, B. (2004). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis: Understanding concepts and applications. Washington, DC : American Psychological Association.
37.
Thompson, R.A. (1990). Emotion and self-regulation. In R. Dienstbier (Series Ed.) & R. A. Thompson (Vol. Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation: Socioemotional development (pp. 367-467). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
38.
U.S. Bureau of the Census. (2002). Current population survey, October 2002 [Machine-readable data file]. Washington, DC: Author.
39.
U.S. Bureau of the Census. (2003) Current population survey, October 2003 [Machine-readable data file]. Washington, DC: Author.
40.
Werner, E.E., & Smith, R.S. (1982). Vulnerable but invincible: A longitudinal study of resilient children and youth. New York: McGraw-Hill.
41.
Werner, E.E., & Smith, R.S. (1992). Overcoming the odds: High risk children from birth to adulthood. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
42.
Werner, E.E., & Smith, R.S. (2001). Journeys from childhood to midlife: Risk, resilience, and recovery. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
43.
White, R.W. (1959). Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence . Psychological Review, 66(5), 297-333.
44.
Wolff, S. (1995). The concept of resilience. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 29, 565-574.
45.
Wright, M.O., & Masten, A.S. (1997). Vulnerability and resilience in young children . In J. D. Noshpitz (Series Ed.) & S. Greenspan, S. Weider, & J. Osofsky (Vol. Eds.), Handbook of child and adolescent psychiatry: Vol. 1. Infants and preschoolers: Development and syndromes (pp. 202-224). New York: John Wiley.
46.
Wyman, P.A., Cowen, E.L., Work, W.C., & Kerley, J.H. (1993). The role of children's future expectations in self-esteem functioning and adjustment to life stress: A prospective study of urban at-risk children. Development and Psychopathology , 5(4), 649-661.
