Symptoms as Meaningful “Family Culture” Symbols in Palliative Care

Sales E. Psychosocial impact of the phase of cancer on the family: an updated review. J Psychosoc Oncol 1991: 9(4): 1–18.

Helman CG . The family culture: a useful concept for family practice. Fam Med 1991; 23(5): 376–381.

Blumer H. Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1969.

Kristjanson L. Indicators of quality of palliative care from a family perspective. J Palliat Care 1986; 1: 8–17.

Kristjanson L. Quality of terminal care: salient indicators identified by families. J Palliat Care 1989; 5: 21–28.

Skorupka P , Bohnet N. Primary caregivers’ perceptions of nursing behaviors that best meet their needs in a home care hospice setting. Cancer Nurs 1982: 5: 371–374.

Giardino ER , Wolf ZR . Symptoms: evidence and experience. Holistic Nurse Practit 1993: 7(2): 1–12.

Rhodes VA , Watson PM . Symptom distress: the concept past and present. Semin Oncol Nurs 1987; 3(4): 242–247.

Portenoy RK , Thaler HT , Kornblith AB , Symptom prevalence, characteristics and distress in cancer population. Qual Life Research 1994; 3: 183–189.

Teel CS , Meek P , McNamara AM , Watson L. Perspectives unifying symptom interpretation. Image J Nurs Sch 1997; 29(2): 175–181.

Fabrega H. Disease and illness from a biocultural standpoint. In: Ahmed PI , Coelho CV (eds). Toward a New Definition of Health: Psychosocial Dimensions. New York: Plenum, 1979; pp. 23–51.

University of California, San Francisco School of Nursing Symptom Management Faculty Group. A model for symptom management. Image J Nurs Sch 1994; 26: 272–276.

Degner LF , Sloan JA . Symptom distress in newly diagnosed ambulatory cancer patients and as a predictor of survival in lung cancer. J Pain Symptom Manage 1995; 10: 423–431.

Ehkle G. Symptom distress in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in the outpatient setting. Oncol Nurs Forum 1988; 15(3): 343–346.

Lobchuk MM , Kristjanson LJ , Degner LF , Blood P , Sloan JA . Perceptions of symptom distress in lung cancer patients: I. Congruence between patients and primary family caregivers. J Pain Symptom Manage 1997; 14(3): 136–146.

Tishelman C , Taube A , Sachs L. Self-reported symptom distress in cancer patients: reflections of disease, illness, or sickness? Soc Sci Med 1991; 33(11): 1229–1240.

McClement SE , Woodgate RL , Degner L. Symptom distress in adult patients with cancer. Cancer Nurs 1997; 20(4): 236–243.

Oberst MT , Thomas SE , Gass KA , Ward SE . Caregiving demands and appraisal of stress among family caregivers. Cancer Nurs 1989; 12(4): 209–215.

Woodgate R , McClement S. Symptom distress in children with cancer: the need to adapt a meaning-centred approach. J Pediatric Oncol Nurs 1998; 15(1): 3–12.

Kristjanson L , Nikoletti S , Porock D , Smith M , Lobchuk M , Pedler P. Congruence between patients’ and family caregivers’ perceptions of symptom distress in patients with terminal cancer. J Palliat Care 1998; 14(3): 24–32.

Kurtz ME , Kurtz JC , Given CC , Given B. Concordance of cancer patient and caregiver symptom reports. Cancer Pract 1996; 4(4): 185–190.

Kleinman A. The Illness Narratives: Suffering, Healing, and the Human Condition. New York: Basic Books, 1988.

Boyle JS , Andrews MM . Transcultural Concepts in Nursing Care. London: Scott, Foresman/Little, 1989.

Helman CG . Culture, Health and Illness. 3rd ed. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1994.

Lipowski Z. Physical illness, the individual and coping processes. Psychiatr Med 1970; 1: 91.

Goffman E. Behaviour in Public Places: Notes on the Social Organization of Gatherings. London: The Free Press of Glencoe, 1963.

Sherley-Spiers SK . Native patients and the western medical model: a study of health care delivery in rural southwestern Manitoba. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 1987.

Hull MM . Family needs and supportive nursing behaviors during terminal cancer: a review. Oncol Nurs Forum 1989; 16(6): 787–792.

Jackson J. Chronic pain and the tension between the body as subject and object. In: Csordas TJ (ed). Embodiment and Experience: The Existential Ground of Culture and Self. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994; pp. 201–228.

Cleeland C. Barriers to the management of cancer pain. Oncology 1987; (April supplement): 19–29.

Gaines AD , Hahn RA . Among the Physicians: Encounter, Exchange and Transformation. In: Hahn RA , Gaines AD (eds). Physicians of Western Medicine: Anthropological Approaches to Theory and Practice. Boston: D. Reidel Publishing, 1985; pp. 3–22.

Good BJ , Good MJD . The meaning of symptoms: A cultural hermeneutic model for clinical practice. In: Eisenberg L , Kleinman A (eds). The Relevance of Social Science for Medicine. London: D. Reidel Publishing, 1981; pp. 165–196.

Hahn R. A world of internal medicine: Portrait of an internist. In Hahn R (ed). Sickness and Healing: An Anthropological Perspective. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995; pp. 173–208.

Lyon ML , Barbalet JM . Society's body: emotion and the “somatization” of social theory. In: Csordas TJ (ed). Embodiment and Experience: The Existential Ground of Culture and Self. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994; pp. 48–66.

Engel GL . A unified concept of health and disease. Perspect Biol Med 1960; 3: 459–484.

Fabrega H. Concepts of disease: logical features and social implications. Perspect Biol Med 1972; Summer: 583–616.

Vess JD , Moreland JR , Schwebel AI . An empirical assessment of the effects of cancer on family role functioning. J Psychosoc Oncol 1985; 3(1): 1–16.

Weidman HH . The transcultural view: prerequisite to interethnic (intercultural) communication in medicine. Soc Sci Med 1979; 13B: 85–87.

Cioffi D. Beyond attentional strategies: a cognitive-perceptual model of somatic interpretation. Psychol Bull 1991; 109(1): 25–41.

Lev EL . Dealing with loss: concerns of patients and families in a hospice setting. Clin Nurse Specialist 1991: 5(2): 87–93.

Scheper-Hughes N , Lock MM . The mindful body: a prolegomenon to future work in medical anthropology. Med Anthropol Q 1987: 1(1): 6–41.

Preston F , McCorkle R. Philosophy, principles, and politics of symptom management for the terminally ill. In: Corless IB , Germino BB , Pittman MA (eds). A Challenge for Living: Dying, Death, and Bereavement. London: Jones and Bartlett, 1995; pp. 17–36.

Coyle N , Adelhart J , Foley K , Portenoy RK . Character of terminal illness in the advanced cancer patient: pain and other symptoms during the last four weeks of life. J Pain Symptom Manage 1990; 5(2): 83–93.

Donnelly E. Culture and the meanings of cancer. Semin Oncol Nurs 1995; 11(1): 3–8.

Fife BL . The conceptualization of meaning in illness. Soc Sci Med 1994; 38(2): 309–316.

Fife BL . The measurement of meaning in illness. Soc Sci Med 1995; 40(8): 1021–1028.

Howell D. Reaching to the depths of the soul: understanding and exploring meaning in illness. Canadian Oncol Nurs J 1998; 8(1): 12–16.

Benoliel JQ . Epilogue: Nursing practice and the quality of life. In: McCorkle R , Hongladarom G (eds). Nursing Issues and Research in Terminal Care. Boston: Wiley, Chichester, 1986; pp. 3–15.

Pickett M. Cultural awareness in the context of terminal illness. Cancer Nurs 1993; 16(2): 102–106.

Wenger AF . Cultural meaning of symptoms. Holistic Nurse Practit 1993; 7(2): 22–35.

Weidman HH . Research strategies, structural alterations and clinically applied anthropology. In: Chrisman NJ , Maretzki TW (eds). Clinically Applied Anthropology. Boston: D. Reidel Publishing, 1982; pp. 201–241.

Canadian Palliative Care Association. Palliative Care: towards a consensus in standardized principles of practice. Ottawa: Canadian Palliative Care Association, 1995.

Hall P , Stone G , Fiset VJ . Palliative care: How can we meet the needs of our multicultural communities? J Palliat Care 1998; 14:2: 46–49.

Benoliel JQ . Health care providers and dying patients: critical issues in terminal care. Omega 1987–1988; 18(4): 341–363.

Kleinman A , Eisenberg L , Good B. Culture, illness, and care: clinical lessons from anthropologic and cross-cultural research. Ann Intern Med 1978; 88: 251–258.

Charon JM . Symbolic Interactionism: An Introduction, an Interpretation, and Integration. 5th ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Simon & Shuster, 1995.

Shibutani T. Reference groups as perspectives. Am J Sociol 1955; 60: 562–569.

Mead GH . Mind, Self, and Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1934.

McSweeney JC , Allan JD , Mayo K. Exploring the use of explanatory models in nursing research and practice. Image J Nurs Sch 1997; 29(3): 243–248.