Articulating the Concept of Palliative Care: Philosophical and Theological Perspectives

Doyle D , Hanks GWC , MacDonald N. Introduction. In: Doyle D , Hanks GWC , MacDonald N (eds). Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993; pp. 3–8.

Robbins M. Evaluating Palliative Care Services. Establishing the Evidence Base. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Saunders CM . The Management of Terminal Illness. London: Hospital Medicine Publications, 1967.

Twycross RG . Introducing Palliative Care. Oxford: Radcliffe Medical Press, 1996.

Zwart HAE . De natuur als criterium voor medisch handelen [Nature as a Criterion for Medical Treatment]. In: Keulartz J , Korthals M (eds). Museum aarde. Natuur: criterium of constructie? [Museum Earth. Nature: Criterion or Construction?] Amsterdam: Boom, 1996; pp. 155–165.

Zwart HAE , Wat is observeren? Over natuurlijkheid in de geneeskunde [What does “to observe” mean? On naturality in medicine]. Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde en Ethiek 1996; 6: 45–50.

Pellegrino ED , Thomasma DC . A Philosophical Basis of Medical Practice. Toward a Philosophy and Ethic of the Healing Profession. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981.

Ten Have HAMJ , Kimsma GK . Geneeskunde tussen droom en drama [Medicine Between Dream and Drama]. Kampen: Kok, 1987.

Smith GP . Restructuring the principle of medical futility. J Palliat Care 1995; 11: 9–16.

Desmet M. Dag en nacht. Een spiritualiteit van de medische ervaring [Day and Night. A Spirituality of Medical Experience]. Tielt: Lannoo, 1996.

Veatch RM , Spicer CM . Medically futile care. The role of the physician in setting limits. Am J Law Med 1992; 18: 15–36.

Vedder AH . The Values of Freedom. Utrecht: Brouwer Uithof, 1995.

Kant I. Kritik der praktischen Vernunft [Critique of Practical Reason]. Stuttgart: Reclam, 1978.

Mill JS . On Liberty. New York: Norton, 1975.

Engelhardt HT . Bioethics and Secular Humanism: The Search for a Common Morality. London: Trinity Press International, 1991.

Zwart HAE . Weg met de ethiek? Filosofische beschouwingen over geneeskunde en ethiek. [Down with Ethics? Philosophical Considerations on Medicine and Ethics]. Amsterdam: Thesis Publishers, 1995.

Welie JVM . In the Face of Suffering. The Philosophical-Anthropological Foundations of Clinical Ethics. Omaha: Creighton University Press, 1998.

Manschot H. Kwetsbare autonomic? Over afhankelijkheid en onafhankelijkheid in de ethiek van zorg [Vulnerable Autonomy? About Dependency and Independency in an Ethics of Care]. In: Manschot H , Verkerk M (eds). Ethiek van de zorg. Een discussie [Ethics of Care. A Discussion]. Amsterdam: Boom, 1994: pp. 97–118.

Beauchamp TL , Childress JF . Principles of Biomedical Ethics. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.

Taylor C. The Ethics of Authenticity. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992; pp. 25–26.

Sartre J-P. L'être et le néant. Essai d'ontologie phenoménologique. [Being and Nothingness. Essay on a Phenomenological Ontology] Paris: Gallimard, 1944.

Árnason V. Towards authentic conversations. Theor Med 1994; 15: 227–242.

Heidegger M. Sein und Zeit [Being and Time]. Tübingen: Niemeyer, 1986.

Welie JVM . Authenticity as a foundational principle of medical ethics. Theor Med 1994: 15; 211–225.

Zylicz Z , Janssens MJPA . Options in palliative care. Dealing with those who want to die. In: Zenz M (ed). Cancer Pain. Baillère's Clinical Anaesthesiology 1998; 12: 121–131.

Janssens MJPA , Zylicz Z , Ten Have HAMJ . Hospice and euthanasia in the Netherlands. An ethical point of view. J Med Ethics. In press.

Kant I. Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der blossen Vernunft. [Religion Within the Boundaries of Pure Reason]. Hamburg: Meiner, 1956.

Moltmann J. Theologie der Hoffnung. Untersuchungen zur Begründung und zu den Konsequenzen einer christlichen Eschatologie [Theology of Hope. Investigations on the Foundation and Consequences of a Christian Eschatology]. Munchen: Kaiser Verlag, 1966.

Kodish E , Post SG . Oncology and hope. J Clin Oncol 1995; 13: 1817–1822.