CassellE.The nature of suffering: physical, psychological, social and spiritual aspects. In: StarkP, McGovernJ (eds). The Hidden Dimension of Illness: Human Suffering. New York: National League For Nursing Press, 1992; pp. 1–10.
2.
MorseJ, JohnsonP (eds). The Illness Experience: Dimensions of Suffering. Newbury Park: Sage Publications, 1991.
3.
TravelbeeJ.Interpersonal Aspects of Nursing. Philadelphia: Davis Publishing Company, 1971; p. 62.
4.
CassellE.The nature of suffering and the goals of medicine. N Engl J Med1982; 306: 639–645.
5.
ChapmanRC, GavrinJ.Suffering and its relationship to pain. J Palliat Care1993; 9(2): 5–13.
6.
MountBM, ScottJ, CohenSR. Canada: Status of cancer pain and palliative care. J Pain Sympt Manag1993; 8(6): 395–398.
7.
FarncombeM, ChaterS.Case studies outlining use of nebulized morphine for patients with end-stage chronic lung and cardiac disease. J Pain Sympt Manag1993; 8(4): 221–225.
8.
HigginsonI, WadeA, McCarthyM.Effectiveness of two palliative care support teams. J Pub Health Med1992; 14(1): 50–56.
9.
FainsingerR, MillerM, BrueraE.Symptom control during the last week of life on a palliative care unit. J Palliat Care1991; 7(1): 5–11.
10.
BrueraE.Issues of symptom control in patients with advanced cancer. Am J Hospice Palliat Care1993; March/April: 12–19.
11.
VentafriddaV, RipamontiC, De ConnoF, TaburiniM.Symptom prevalence and control during cancer patients’ last days of life. J Palliat Care1990; 6(3): 7–11.
12.
PettigrewJ.A phenomenological study of the nurse's presence with persons experiencing suffering. Unpublished PhD dissertation. Denton, Texas, 1988, p. 292.
