Funeral Customs in Historical Context

Ariès P. Essais sur l'histoire de la mort en occident du moyen âge à nos jours. Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1975: 79–80.

Ariès P. The hour of our death. New York: Knopf, 1981.

Childe V.G. Directional changes in funerals during 50,000 years. Man 1945; XLV: 17.

The cohort is a group of Cromwellian soldiers whose deaths occurred in the latter half of the seventeenth century. The time to the individual's death is shorter than the time shown in the table, because the table also includes the time between his death and the probate of his will, which could range from a few days to several weeks. In other words, the evidence presented in this table understates the accuracy with which these people anticipated “the hour of their death.” Public Record Office, London, Wills, PROB 11.

Curl J.S. The Victorian celebration of death. Detroit: Partridge Press, 1972: 3.

The essay, first published in Encounter, is also found in Geoffrey Gorer, Death, grief and mourning. London: Cresset Press, 1965: 169–75. See also Stannard D.S. The Puritan way of death. New York: Oxford University Press, 1977: 191.

Gittings C. Death, burial and the individual in early-modern England. London: Croom Helm, 1984.

Habenstein R.W. , and Lamers W.M. Funeral customs the world over, 2nd ed., Milwaukee: Bulfin, 1974.

Malinowski B. Magic, science and religion. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1948: 47.

McManners J. Death and the enlightenment. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981: 231.

Ragon P. The space of death: A study of funerary architecture, decoration and urbanism. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1983.

Ragon P. The space of death: A study of funerary architecture, decoration and urbanism. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1983: 272, 293; Ariès P. Western attitudes towards death. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1974: 91.

Schowalter J.E. , How do children and funerals mix? Journal of Pediatrics 1976; 89(1): 139–42.

Stannard D.S. The Puritan way of death. New York: Oxford University Press, 1977: 171–85; Habenstein RW and Lamers WM. Funeral customs the world over, 2nd ed. Milwaukee: Bulfin, 1974: 744.

Vovelle M. Piété baroque et déchristianisation au XVIIIe siècle: Les attitudes devant la mort d'après les clauses des testaments. Paris: Plon, 1973: 119.

Yoder L. The funeral meal: a significant funerary ritual. Journal of Religion and Health 1986; 25(2): 157.