FolsteinMF, FolsteinS, McHughPR. Mini-mental state: a practical method of grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res1975; 12: 189–198.
2.
BrownJH, HenteleffP, BarakatS, RoweJR. Is it normal for terminally ill patients to desire death?Am J Psychiatry1986; 143: 208–211.
3.
ChochinovHM, WilsonKG, EnnsM, MowchunN, LanderS, LevittM, . Desire for death in the terminally ill. Am J Psychiatry1995; 152: 1185–1191.
4.
ChochinovHM, TatarynD, ClinchJ, DudgeonD.Will to live in the terminally ill. Lancet1999; 354: 816–819.
5.
ChochinovHM, WilsonKG, EnnsM, LanderS.Depression, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation in the terminally ill. Psychosomatics1998; 39: 366–370.
6.
WilsonK, ScottJF, GrahamID, KozakJF, ChaterS, ViolaRA, . Attitudes of terminally ill patients toward euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. Arch Int Med2000; 160: 2454–2460.
7.
EmanualEJ, FaircloughDL, EmanualLL. Attitudes and desires related to euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide among terminally ill patients and their caregivers. JAMA2000; 284: 2460–2468.
8.
BreitbartW, RosenfeldB, PessinH, KaimM, Funesti-EschJ, GaliettaM, . Depression, hopelessness, and desire for hastened death in terminally ill patients with cancer. JAMA2000; 284: 2907–2911.
9.
WoodsSW, TesarGE, MurrayGB, CassemNH. Psychostimulant treatment of depressive disorders secondary to medical illness. J Clin Psychiatry1986; 47: 12–15.
10.
FernandezF, AdamsF, HolmesVF, LevyJK, NeidhartM.Methylphenidate for depressive disorders in cancer patients. Psychosomatics1987; 28: 455–461.
11.
BreitbartW, MermelsteinH.Pemoline: an alternative psychostimulant for the management of depressive disorders in cancer patients. Psychosomatics1992; 33: 352–356.
12.
BurnsMM, EisendrathSJ. Dextroamphetamine treatment for depression in terminally ill patients. Psychosomatics1994; 3: 83.
13.
GuayDR, AwniWM, FindlayJW, HalstensonCE, AbrahamPA, OpshalJA, . Pharmacokinetics and pharmcodynamics of codeine in end-stage renal disease. Clin Pharmacol Ther1988; 43 (1):63–71.
14.
D'HonneurG, GiltonA, SandoukP, ScherrmannJM, DuvaldestinP.Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of morphine and morphine glucuronides after oral morphine: the influence of renal failure. Anesthesiology1994; 81: 87–93.
15.
TiseoPJ, ThalerHT, LapinJ, InturrisiCE, PortenoyRK, FoleyKM. Morphine-6-glucuronide concentrations and opioid-related side effects: a survey in cancer patients Pain1995; 61: 47–54.
MatherLE. Clinical pharmacokinetics of fentanyl and its newer derivatives. Clin Pharmacokinet1983; 8: 422–446.
18.
SingerM, RogersNoonan K.Continuous intravenous infusion of fentanyl: case reports of use in patients with advanced cancer and intractable pain. J Pain Symptom Manage1993; 8: 215–220.
19.
WatanabeS, PereiraJ, HansonJ, BrueraE.Fentanyl by continuous subcutaneous infusion for the management of cancer pain: a retrospective study. J Pain Symptom Manage1998; 16: 323–326.
Pauli-MagnusC, HofmannU, MikusG.Kuhlmann U, Mettang T. Pharmacokinetics of morphine and its’ glucuronides following intravenous administration of morphine in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant1999; 14 (4):903–909.
22.
PereiraJ, BrueraE.Emerging neuropsychiatric toxicities of opioids. J Pharmaceutical Care in Pain and Symptom Control1997; 5: 3–29.
23.
de StoutzN, BrueraE, Suarez-AlmazorM.Opioid rotation for toxicity reduction in terminal cancer patients. J Pain Symptom Manage1995; 10: 378–384.
24.
FainsingerR, SchoellerT, BrueraE.Methadone in the management of cancer pain: a review. Pain1993; 52: 137–147.
25.
RipamontiC, ZeccaE, BrueraE.An update on the clinical use of methadone for cancer pain. Pain1997; 70: 109–115.
26.
BrueraE, NeumannCM. Role of methadone in the management of pain in cancer patients. Oncology1999; 13: 1275–1282.
CohenLM, GermainMJ, PoppelDM, WoodsAL, PekowPS, KjellstrandCM. Dying well after discontinuing the life-support treatment of dialysis. Arch Intern Med2000; 160 (16):2513–2518.
29.
JohnsonNeely K, RoxeDM. Palliative care/hospice and the withdrawal of dialysis. J Palliat Med2000; 3 (1):57–67.
30.
LawlorP, GagnonB, ManciniI, PereiraJ, HansonJ, Suarez-AlmazorM, BrueraE.Occurrence, causes, and outcome of delirium in patients with advanced cancer. Arch Intern Med2000; 160: 786–794.
31.
BorreaniC, CaraceniA, TamburiniM.Counseling the confused patient and family. In: PortenoyR, BrueraE (eds). Topics in Palliative Care. Volume I.New York: Oxford University Press, 1997; pp. 45–54.
32.
KilnerJF. Ethical issues in the initiation and termination of treatment. Am J Kidney Dis1990; 15: 218–227.
RodinGM, ChmaraJ, EnnisJ, FentonS, LockingH, SteinhouseK.Stopping life-sustaining medical treatment: psychiatric considerations in the termination of renal dialysis. Can J Psychiatry1981; 26: 540–544.
35.
SullivanMD, YoungerSJ. Depression, competence, and the right to refuse lifesaving medical treatment. Am J Psychiatry1994; 151: 971–978.