Cet article présente une étude de l'universalité de la théorie de Schwartz et Bilsky (1987) sur le contenu psychologique et la structure des valeurs humaines, avec des données d'Australie, de Finlande, de Hong-Kong, d'Espagne et des Etats-Unis. Des analyses selon les plus petits espaces (smallest space analysis, SSA) sur les scores d'importance que les individus donnent aux valeurs ont permis de mettre en évidence dans chaque échantillon les sept mêmes types de motivation relatifs aux valeurs que ceux repérés auparavant sur des échantillons allemands et israéliens : accomplissement, amusement et joie de vivre, maturité, orientation sociale, conformité sociale, sécurité et autonomie. Le pouvoir social, étudié uniquement à Hong-Kong, est également apparu. Les relations structurelles entre les types de valeurs suggèrent que la dynamique de motivation qui sous-tend les priorités de valeurs des personnes est la même dans les sociétés étudiées, à l'exception de Hong-Kong. Les intérêts auxquels ces valeurs contribuent (individuels ou collectifs) et le type de but (instrumental ou terminal) distinguent également les valeurs dans tous les échantillons.
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