L'objectif de cet article est de définir le concept d'extension de marque et d'étudier les réactions des consommateurs face aux extensions. Nous présentons les avantages et les risques de la stratégie d'extension de marque ainsi que les conditions de sa mise en œuvre. Dans une dernière partie, nous discutons des relations entre positionnement et extension pour finalement proposer un modèle conceptuel de l'évaluation des extensions de marque par les consommateurs.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AakerD.A. (1990), “Brand Extensions The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly”, Sloan Management Review, Summer, 47–56.
2.
AakerD.A. (1991), Managing Brand Equity, New York: The Free Press.
3.
AakerD.A.KellerK.L. (1990), “Consumer Evaluation of Brand Extensions”, Journal of Marketing, vol. 54, January, 27–41.
4.
BarsalouL. (1991), “Frames, Concepts and Conceptual Fields”, in KittayE.LehrerA., eds, Frames, Fields and Contrasts: New Essays in Semantic and Lexical Organization, Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Ass.
5.
BottonM.CegarraJ.-J. (1990), Le nom de marque; création et stratégie de marque, Paris, McGraw-Hill.
6.
BoushD.ShippS.LokenB.GencturkE.CrockettS.KennedyE.MinshallB.MisurellD.RochfordL.StrobelJ. (1987), “Affect Generalization to Similar and Dissimilar Brand Extensions”, Psychology and Marketing, vol. 4, n°3, Fall, 225–237.
7.
BridgesS. (1989), “A Schema Unification Model of Brand Extensions”, Working Paper, Graduate School of Business, Stanford University.
8.
BudayT. (1989), “Capitalizing on Brand Extensions”, Journal of Consumer Marketing, vol. 6, n° 4, Fall, 27–30.
9.
CegarraJ.J. (1991), «L'Identité Nominale du Produit», Revue Française de Gestion, J.J.A., 5–18.
10.
ChakravartiD.MacInnisD.J.NakamotoK. (1990), “Product Category Perceptions, Elaborative Processing and Brand Name Extension Strategies”, Advances in Consumer Research, vol. 17, 910–917.
11.
DimitriadisS. (1991), Politique d'extension de marque, pratiques managériales et perceptions des consommateurs, Thèse de Doctorat ès Sciences de Gestion, Université d'Aix-Marseille, juin.
12.
DoyleP. (1990), “Building Successful Brands: The Strategic Options”, Journal of Consumer Marketing, vol. 7, n° 2, Spring, 5–20.
13.
DuncanC.P.NelsonJ.E. (1986), “Meaning Transfert in a Brand Extension Strategy”, Working Paper 86–11, College of Business Administration, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado.
14.
EricksonG.M.JohanssonJ.K.ChaoP. (1984), “Image Variables in Multi-Attribute Product Evaluations: Country-of-Origin Effects”, Journal of Consumer Research, vol. 11, September, 694–699.
15.
FarquharP.H.HerrP.M.FazioR.H. (1990), “A Relational Model for Category Extensions of Brands”, Advances in Consumer Research, vol. 17, 856–860.
16.
FiskeS.T.PavelchakM. (1986), “Category-Based versus Piecemeal-Based Affective Responses: Developments in Schema-Triggered Affect”, in The Handbook of Motivation and Cognition: Fondation of Social Behavior, eds. SorrientinoR.W.HigginsE.T., New York, Guilford Press, 167–203.
17.
FryJ.N. (1967), “Family Branding and Consumer Brand Choice”, Journal of Marketing Research, vol. 4, August, 237–247.
18.
GreenP.E.KriegerA.M. (1987), “A Consumer-Based Approach to Designing Product Line Extensions”, Journal of Product Innovation Management, n°4, 21–32.
19.
HartmanC.L.PriceL.L.DuncanC.P. (1990), “Consumer Evaluation of Franchise Extension Products: A Categorization Processing Perspective”, Advances in Consumer Research, vol. 17, 120–127.
20.
KahnemanD.TverskyA. (1972), “Subjective Probability: A Judgment of Representativeness”, Cognitive Psychology, vol. 3, 430–454.
21.
KapfererJ-N. (1991), Les Marques: capital de l'entreprise, Paris, Les Editions d'organisation.
22.
KardesF.R.AllenC.T. (1991), “Perceived Variability and Inferences about Brand Extensions”, Advances in Consumer Research, vol. 18, 392–398.
23.
KellerK.L.AakerD.A. (1992), “The Effects of Sequential Introduction of Brand Extensions”, Journal of Marketing Research, vol. 29, February, 35–50.
24.
KerbyJ.K. (1967), “Semantic Generalization in the Formation of Consumer Attitudes”, Journal of Marketing Research, vol. 4, August, 314–317.
25.
KeslerL. (1987), “Licensing: Extensions leave Brand in New Areas”, Advertising Age, June 1, 1–12.
26.
KimP. (1990), “A Perspective on Brands”, Journal of Consumer Marketing, vol. 7, n° 4, Fall, 63–67.
27.
KotlerP.DuboisB. (1989), Marketing Management, Paris, Publi-Union, 6e édition.
28.
LeuthesserL. (1988), “Defining, Measuring and Managing Brand Equity”, Marketing Science Institute, Report n° 88–104, Cambridge, MA, May.
29.
LokenB.WardJ. (1990), “Alternative Approaches to Understanding the Determinants of Typicality”, Journal of Consumer Research, vol. 17, September, 111–126.
30.
MacInnisD.NakamotoK. (1991), “Factors that Influence Consumers’ Evaluations of Brand Extensions”, Unpublished Working Paper, University of Arizona, February.
31.
MoreinJ.A. (1975), “Shift from brand to product line marketing”, Harvard Business Review, September-October, 56–64.
32.
MurphyG.MedinD. (1985), “The Role of Theories in Conceptual Coherence”, Psychological Review, July, 289–316.
33.
MurphyJ. (1989), Brand Valuation, Londres, Hutchinson business books.
34.
ParkC.W.LawsonR.MilbergS. (1989), “Memory Structure of Brand Names”, Advances in Consumer Research, vol. 16, 726–731.
35.
ParkC.W.MilbergS.LawsonR. (1991), “Evaluation of Brand Extensions: The Role of Product Feature Similarity and Brand Concept Consistency”, Journal of Consumer Research, vol. 18, September, 185–193.
36.
RiesA.TroutJ. (1986), Positioning: The Battle for your Mind, New York, McGraw Hill, First Edition Revised.
37.
Roedder-JohnD.LokenB. (1990), Diluting Brand Equity: the Negative Impact of Brand Extensions, Unpublished Working Paper, University of Minnesota, November.
38.
RomanH.S. (1969), “Semantic Generalization in Formation of Consumer Attitudes”, Journal of Marketing Research, vol. 6, August, 369–373.
39.
RoschE.MervisC. (1975), “Family Resemblances: Studies in the Internal Structure of Categories”, Cognitive Psychology, vol. 7, 573–605.
40.
SchmittB.H.DubéL. (1992), “Contextualized Representations of Brand Extensions: Are Feature Lists or Frames the Basic Components of Consumer Cognition?”, Marketing Letters, vol. 3, n°2, 115–126.
41.
SchulzR.BrandmeyerK. (1989), “Brand Balance a Tool to Evaluate and Control Brand values”, Frankfurt, Nielsen Marketing Research..
42.
SujanM. (1985), “Consumer Knowledge: Effects on Evaluation Strategies Mediating Consumer Judgments”, Journal of Consumer Research, vol. 12, June, 31–46.
43.
TauberE.M. (1981), “Brand Franchise Extension: New Product Benefits From Existing Brand Names”, Business Horizons, vol. 24, n°2, 36–41.
44.
TauberE.M. (1988), “Brand Leverage Strategy for Growth in a Cost-Control World”, Journal of Advertising Research, August/September, 26–30.
45.
UrbanG.L.HauserJ.R. (1980), Design and Marketing of New Products, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J..
46.
WernerfeltB. (1988), “Umbrella branding as a signal of new product quality: An example of signalling by posting a bond”, Rand Journal of Economics, vol. 19, n°3, Autumn, 458–466.