Questions méthodologiques en analyse de conversations. L'Analyse de Conversations (AC), une branche de recherche issue de l'éthnométhodologie. possède des traits méthodologiques uniques. Elle étudie l'organisation sociale de 'conversations', ou 'interactions-parlées', par l'examen détaillé des enregistrements et transcription faits à partir de ces enregistrements. Dans cet article, l'auteur décrit quelques uns de ces aspects en analysant leur bien-fondé. En faisant ainsi, il discute des problèmes et des dilemmes que des analystes de conversations rencontrent quotidiennement dans leur pratique de recherche, utilisant pour ce faire la littérature scientifique et ses propres expériences. Il présente la stratégie AC de recherche comme une solution aux problèmes d'ethnométhodologie de l'invisibilité du sens commun et décrit cette stratégie dans une forme formalisée à sept étapes. L'auteur discute aussi quelques unes des critiques majeures portées contre l'AC et présente certains développements récents, L'Analyse de Conversations est une manière disciplinée d'étudier l'organisation locale des séances d'interaction, et cette pratique méthodologique unique a permis à ses utilisateurs de produire une importante quantité d'éclaircissements sur les foundations de procédures détaillées de la vie quotidienne. Elle a développé de solutions pratiques à quelque problèmes méthodologiques difficiles. fournissant ainsi des solutions qui marchent mais qui sont méthodologiquement 'impures'.
Atkinson, J.M., 1982'Understanding formality: The categorization and production of "formal" interaction', British Journal of Sociology33: 86-117
2.
Atkinson, J.M., J. Heritage , eds. 1984Structures of Social Action: Studies in Conversation Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
3.
Bergmann, J.R., 1981 'Ethnomethodologische Konversationsanalyse'. In: P. Schraader, hrsg. Sprache der Gegenwart. Mannheim: 9-51
4.
Cicourel, A.V., 1981'Notes on the integration of micro- and macro-levels of analysis'. In: K. Knorr-Cetina, A.V. Cicourel, eds. Advances in social theory and methodology: toward an integration of micro- and macro-sociologies. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul:51-80
5.
Frankel, RM, 1984'From sentence to sequence: Understanding the medical encounter through micro-interactional analysis', Discourse Processes7: 135-70
6.
Garfinkel, H., 1967Studies in ethnomethodology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall
7.
Garfinkel, H., M. Lynch, E. Livingston, 1981'The work of a discovering science construed with materials from the optically discovered pulsar', Philosophy of the Social Sciences. 11: 131-58
8.
Garfinkel, H., H. Sacks, 1970'On formal structures of practical action'. In: J.C. McKinney & E.A. Tiryakian, eds. Theoretical sociology: perspectives and developments. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts : 338-66
9.
Giddens, A., 1984The constitution of society: outline of the theory of structuration . Cambridge: Polity Press
10.
Goodwin, C., 1981Conversational organization: interaction between speakers and hearers. New York: Academic Press
11.
Have, P. ten, 1980'Openingssequenties' (Opening sequences). In: A. Foolen, e.a. red.,Conversatie-analyse . Groningen: Xenos: 63-84
12.
Have, P. ten, 1987Sequenties en fonnuleringen: Aspecten van de interactionele organisatie van huisarts-spreekuurgesprekken (Sequences and formulation: aspects of the interactional organisation of medical consultations). Dordrecht/Providence: Foris Publications
13.
Have, P. ten, 1989 a 'The consultation as a genre'. In: B. Torode, ed. Text and Talk as Social Practice . Dordrecht/Providence, RI.: Foris Publications: 115-35
14.
Have, P. ten, 1989 b 'Text analysis programs: an exploration of ca at the pc', Paper, session on 'Human/Computer Interaction', The 1st International Conference on Understanding Language Use in Everyday Life, The University of Calgary, August 23rd - 26th, 1989.
15.
Have, P. ten, 1990'Und der Artz schweigt. Spechstunden-Episoden, in denen Ärtze auf Patienteninformationen sprachlich nicht reagieren' (The doctor is silent: consultation episodes during which physicians do not react verbally at patient given information). In: K. Ehlich, A. Koerfer, A. Redder, R. Weingarten , hrsg. Medizinische und therapeutische Kommunikation. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag: 103-121
16.
Have, P.ten, f.c. ' Talk and institution: a reconsideration of the 'asymmetry' of doctor-patient interaction'. In: D. Boden & D.H. Zimmerman, eds. Talk and social structure . Cambridge: Polity Press (forthcoming)
17.
Have, P. ten, M. Komter, 1982'De angst voor de tape: over bezwaren tegen het gebruik van de bandrecorder voor onderzoek' (The fear of taping: on objections to the use of the tape recorder in research). In: C. Bouw, e.a. red., Hoe weet Je dat? wegen van sociaal onderzoek. Amsterdam : Wetenschappelijke Uitgeverij:228-42
18.
Heath, C., 1981'The opening sequence in doctor-patient interaction'. In: P. Atkinson & C. Heath, eds. Medical Work: Realities and Routines. Farnborough: Gower: 71-90
19.
Heath, C.C., 1982'Preserving the consultation: Medical record cards and professional conduct', Journal of the Sociology of Health and Illness4: 56-74
20.
Heath, C., 1986Body Movement and Speech in Medical Interaction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
21.
Heritage, J., 1984Garfinkel and Ethnomethodology. Cambridge : Polity Press
22.
Heritage, J., 1985'Analyzing news interviews: aspects of the production of talk for an overhearing audience'. In: T.A. van Dijk, ed. Handbook of discourse analysfs Vol. 3. London: Academic Press, 95-117
23.
Heritage, J.C., 1987'Ethnomethodology'. In: A. Giddens, J.H. Turner, eds. Social theory today. Cambridge: Polity Press:224-72
24.
Heritage, J., 1989'Current developments in conversation analysis'. In: Roger & Bull, eds.:21-47
Human Studies, 1989'Harvey Sacks - Lectures 1964 - 1965', Edited by Gail Jefferson, Introduction /Memoir by Emanuel A. Schegloff, Special Issue, Human Studies, (3-4) 12
27.
Jefferson, G., 1985'An exercise in the transcription and analysis of laughter '. In: T.A. van Dijk, ed. Handbook of discourse analysis Vol. 3. London: Academic Press, 25-34
28.
Jules-Rosette, B., 1985'Harold Garfinkel: la contribution de l'ethnomethodologie à la recherche sociologique', Sociétés: Revue des sciences humaines et sociales. no. 5, 35-8 (interview with Garfinkel)
29.
Knorr-Cetina, K., 1981'Introduction: the micro-sociological challenge of macro-sociology: towards a reconstruction of social theory and methodology'. In: K. Knorr-Cetina, A.V. Cicourel , eds. Advances in social theory and methodology: toward an integration of micro- and macro-sociologies. London : Routledge & Kegan Paul.1-47
30.
Lee, J.R.E., 1987'Prologue: talking organisation'. In: G. Button, J.R.E. Lee , eds., Talk and social organisation. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters: 19-53 Levinson, S.C., 1983 Pragmatics. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
31.
Livingston, E., 1987Making sense of ethnomethodology. London : Routledge & Kegan Paul
32.
Lynch, M., 1985Art and artifact in laboratory science: a study of shop work and shop talk. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul
33.
Lynch, M., E. Livingston, H. Garfinkel, 1983Temporal order in laboratory life'. In: K.D. Knorr-Cetina & M. Mulkay, eds. Science observed: perspectives on the social study of science. London: Sage:205-38
34.
Maso, I., 1984Verklaren in het dagelijks leven: een inleiding in etnomethodologisch onderzoek (Explanation in everyday life: an introduction to ethnomethodological research). Groningen: Wolters-Noordhoff
35.
Maso, I., 1987Kwalitatief onderzoek (Qualitative research). Meppel: Boom
36.
Maynard, D.W., 1984Inside plea bargaining: the language of negotiation. New York: Plenum
37.
McTear, M., 1987The articulate computer. Oxford: Basil Blackwell
38.
Mehan, H., H. Wood1975The reality of ethnomethodology. New York: Wiley
39.
Moerman, M., 1988Talking culture: ethnography and conversational analysis . Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press
40.
Psathas, G., Anderson T., 1990'The "practices" of transcription in conversation analysis' , Semiotica78, 75-99
41.
Roger, D., P. Bull , eds., 1989Conversation: an interdisciplinary perspective. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters
42.
Sacks, H., 1974'An analysis of the course of a joke's telling in conversation' . In: J. Sherzer, R. Bauman, ed. Explorations in the ethnography of speaking . London: Cambridge University Press:
43.
Sacks, H., 1978'Some technical considerations of a dirty joke'. In: Schenkein, ed.:249-70
44.
Sacks, H., 1984 a 'Notes on methodology'. In: Atkinson , Heritage, eds.: 21-7
Sacks, H., E.A. Schegloff, G. Jefferson, 1978'A simplest systematics for the organization of turn taking for conversation'. In: Schenkein, ed.: 7-55
47.
Schegloff, E.A., 1968'Sequencing in conversational openings'. American Anthropologist, 70: 1075-95
48.
Schegloff, E.A.1978'On some questions and ambiguities in conversation'. In: W.U. Dressler, ed. Current trends in text linguistics. Berlin: De Gruyter: 81-102 (reprint: Atkinson & Heritage, ed. 1984: 28-52)
49.
Schegloff, E.A., 1987'Analyzing single episodes of interaction: an exercise in conversation analysis', Social Psychology Quarterly50: 101-14
50.
Schegloff, E.A., f.c. 'Reflections on talk and social structure'. In: D. Boden & D.H. Zimmerman , eds. Talk and social structure. Cambridge : Polity Press (forthcoming)
51.
Schegloff, E.A., H. Sacks, 1973'Opening up closings', Semiotica8: 289-327
52.
Schenkein, J.N., ed., 1978Studies in the organization of conversational interaction. New York: Academic Press
53.
Schenkein, J., 1978 a 'Sketch of an analytic mentality for the study of conversational interaction'. In: Schenkein, ed.: 1-6
54.
Schutz , A., 1962Collected papers I: The problem of social reality. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff
55.
Schwartz, H., J. Jacobs, 1979Qualitative sociology: a method to the madness. New York: Free Press
56.
Sudnow, D.1978Ways of the hand: the organization of improvised conduct . London: Routledge & Kegan Paul
57.
Turner, R., 1971'Words, utterances, activities'. In: Douglas, J.D. ed. Understanding everyday life: towards a reconstruction of sociological knowledge. London : Routledge & Kegan Paul: 169-87
58.
West, C., 1984Routine Complications: Trouble with Talk between Doctors and Patients. Bloomington: Indiana University Press
59.
West, C., D.H. Zimmerman, 1985'Gender, language, and discourse'. In: T.A. van Dijk, ed. Handbook of discourse analysis Vol. 4. London: Academic Press, 103-124
60.
Wieder, D.L.1974Language and social reality: the case of telling the convict code. The Hague: Mouton
61.
Zimmerman, D.H., 1969'Record-keeping and the intake process in a public welfare agency'. In: S. Wheeler, ed. On record: files and dossiers in American life. New York : Russell Sage:319-45
62.
Zimmerman, D.H., M. Pollner, 1971The everyday world as a phenomenon'. In: Douglas, J.D. ed. Understanding everyday life: towards a reconstruction of sociological knowledge. London : Routledge & Kegan Paul80-103
63.
Zimmerman, D.H., C. West, 1975'Sex roles, interruptions and silences in conversation' . In: B. Thorne, N. Henley, eds. Language and sex: difference and dominance . Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House:105-29
