This article reviews and compares early beliefs regarding liposuction with improvements provided with utilization of the Tulip Closed Syringe System for liposculpting in the deep and superficial fat planes. Discussion of the mechanism of action of liposculpting with the tumescent is presented. Clinical series described comparing machine suction versus closed syringe system as the vacuum source. The closed syringe system has also afforded the opportunity to harvest fat cells at low pressure, and improved fat cell survival and predictability. Clinical efficacy, safety advantages, and importance of the closed syringe system relative to superficial plane liposculpting are presented. The article suggests an explanation of the intrinsic changes involved in the contour alterations created by liposculpture in the superficial plane.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
FournierPF: Liposculpture: The Syringe Technique. Paris: Arnette, 1991.
2.
FischerG: The History of Liposculpture and Surgical Technique of the Year 2000. Am. J. Cosm. Surg.9:5–13, 1992.
3.
GrazerFM: Body Contouring. In McCarty (ed), Plastic Surgery. 1st Edition, pp. 3964–4030. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1990.
4.
ReedLS: Thoughts on Suction-Assisted Lipectomy. Plast. Reconstr. Surg.72:624–626, 1983.
5.
CourtissEH: Suction Lipectomy: A Retrospective Analysis of 100 Patients. Plast. Reconstr. Surg.73:780–794, 1984.
GoodpastureJCBunkeJ: Quantitative Analysis of Blood and Fat in Suction Lipectomy Aspirates. Plast. Reconstr. Surg.78:765–769, 1986.
8.
ShirakabeT: Japanese Suction-Assisted Lipectomy. In GrazerFM (ed), Clinics in Plastic Surgery: Symposium on Body Contouring, pp. 552–553. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1984.
9.
DolskyRFetzekJAndersonR: Evaluation of Blood Loss During Liposuction Surgery. Am. J. Cosmetic Surg4:257–261, 1987.
10.
KesselringUK: Regional Fat Aspiration for Body Contouring. Plast. Reconstr. Surg.72:610–619, 1983.
11.
PitmanGHTeimourianB: Suction Lipectomy: Complications and Results by Survery. Plast. Reconstr. Surg.76:65–72, 1985.
12.
NewmanJShaharYSBurgermeisterH: Internal Study of 63,073 Liposuction Procedures. Am. J. Cosm. Surg.7:110–113, 1990.
13.
TeimourianBRogersWB: A Comparative Study of Suction Lipectomy. Plast. Reconstr. Surg.84:628–631, 1989.
14.
PeerLA: Loss of Weight and Volume in Human Fat Grafts. Plast. Reconstr. Surg.5:217–230, 1950.
15.
PeerLA: The neglected Free Fat Graft. Plast. Reconstr. Surg.18:233–250, 1956.
16.
FournierPFOtteniFM: Lipodissection in Body Sculpturing: The Dry Technique. Plast. Reconstr. Surg.72:598–609, 1983.
17.
KleinJA: The Tumescent Technique For Liposuction Surgery. Am. J. Cosm. Surg.4:263–267, 1987.
18.
KleinJA: The Tumescent Technique: Anesthesia and Modified Liposuction Technique. Dermatolog. Clin.8:425, 1990.
19.
KleinJA: Tumescent Technique for Local Anesthesia Improve Safety in Large-Volume Liposuction. Plast. Reconstr. Surg.92:1085–1098, 1993.
20.
FournierPF: Why the Syringe and Not the Suction Machine?. J. Dermatol. Surg. Oncol.14:1062–1072, 1988.
21.
LewisCM: Comparison of the Syringe and Pump Aspiration Methods of Lipoplasty. Aesth. Plast. Surg.15:203–208, 1991.
22.
GasparottiM: Superifical Liposuction: A New Application of the Technique for Aged and Flaccid Skin. Aesth. Plast. Surg.16:141–153, 1992.
23.
JohnsonG: Body Contouring by Macroinjection of Autologous Fat. Am. J. Cosm. Surg.4:103–109, 1987.
24.
BircollM: Autologous Fat Tissue Augmentation. Am. J. Cosm. Surg.4:141–149, 1987.
25.
JohnsonG: Autologous Fat Grafts by Injection—10 Years Experience. Am. J. Cosm. Surg.9:61–65, 1992.
26.
BircollM: A Nine-Year Experience with Autologous Fat Transplantation. Am. J. Cosm. Surg.9:55–59, 1992.
JonesJK: Viability of Human Adipocytes After Closed Syringe Liposuction Harvest. Presentation 10th Annual Scientific Session, American Academy of Cosmetic Surgery, Rancho Mirage, CA, Jan, 1994.
29.
FultonJE: Breast Contouring by Autologous Fat Transfer. Am. J. Cosm. Surg.9:273–279, 1992.
30.
JohnsonGW: Benign Breast Calcifications. Am. J. Cosm. Surg.5:177–180, 1988.
31.
BircollM: Autologous Fat Transplantation: An Evaluation of Microcalcification and Fat Cell Survivability Following (AFT) Cosmetic Breast Augmentation. Am. J. Cosm. Surg.5:283–288, 1988.
32.
Report of Autologous Fat Transplantation, ASPRS Ad Hoc Comm. on New Procedures, issued by the Am. Soc. Plast & Reconst. Surg., Sept. 1987, p. 6.
33.
BrandyDA: Reston Foam for the Reduction of Ecchymoses Post-Liposuction. Am. J. Cosm. Surg.7:87–91, 1990.
34.
GasparottiMLewisCToledoLS: Superficial Liposculpture. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1993.
