Responding to the Opioid Epidemic: What Can We Do as Cosmetic Surgeons?

Kessler ER Shah M Gruschkus SK Raju A. Cost and quality implications of opioid-based postsurgical pain control using administrative claims data from a large health system: opioid-related adverse events and their impact on clinical and economic outcomes. Pharmacotherapy. 2013;33(4):383-391

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Understanding the epidemic: drug overdose deaths in the United States hit record numbers in 2014. http://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2015/p1218-drug-overdose.html. Published 2016. Accessed August 2, 2016.

International Programme in Addiction Studies. Collaborative program of three universities in the field of Addiction Science: King’s College London, the University of Adelaide, and Virginia Commonwealth University. http://ipas.vcu.edu/. Accessed July 18, 2017.

Moore PA Dionne RA Cooper SA Hersh EV. Why do we prescribe Vicodin? J Am Dent Assoc. 2016;147(7):530-533.

Frieden T Houry D. Reducing the risks of relief—the CDC’s opioid-prescribing guideline. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(16):1501-1504. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1515917.