Patients undergoing standard highly-active antiretroviral therapy for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus may suffer from severe facial lipotrophy, also known as facial wasting. Facial wasting can impose a devastating psychosocial burden to the affected patients. Injectable filler materials are currently used worldwide for soft-tissue augmentation in various parts of the body. Injectable filler materials can be absorbable, semipermanent, or permanent. Permanent injectable filler materials have been used to augment facial soft-tissue defects, to treat rhytids, or to treat patients affected by facial lipoatrophy secondary to human immunodeficiency virus–associated antiretroviral therapy.
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