Mechanism-Based Cancer Risk Assessment of Butylated Hydroxyanisole

Altmann H. J. , Wiester P. W. , Matthiaschk G. , Grunow W. , and van der Heuden C.A. 1985. Induction of early lesions in the non-glandular stomach of rats by 3-tert-Butyl-4-Hydroxyanisole (BHA). Food Chem. Toxicol. 23: 723–731.

Amo H. , Kubota H. , Lu J. , and Matsuyama M. 1990. Adenomatous hyperplasia and adenomas in the lung induced by chronic feeding of Butylated Hydroxyanisole of Japanese house musk shrew (Suncus murinus). Carcinogenesis 11: 151–154.

Bonin A. M. , and Baker R. S. U. 1980. Mutagenicity testing of some approved food additives with the Salmonella/microsome assay. Food Technol. 32: 608–611.

Clayson D. B. , Iverson F. , Nera E. , Lok E. , Rogers C. , and Rodrigues C. 1986. Histopathological and radioautographical studies on the non-glandular stomach of F344 rats treated with Butylated Hydroxyanisole and related chemicals. Food Chem. Toxicol. 24: 1171–1182.

Fukushima S. , Sakata T. , Tagawa Y. , Shibata M. A. , Hirose M. , and Ito N. 1987. Different modifying response of Butylated Hydroxyanisole, Butylated Hydroxytoluene, and other antioxidants in N, N-Dibutylnitrosamine esophagus and non-glandular stomach carcinogenesis of rats. Cancer Res. 47: 2113–2116.

Grice H. C. 1988. Safety evaluation of butylated hydroxyanisole from the perspective of effects on non-glandular stomach and oesophageal squamous epithelium. Food Chem. Toxicol. 26: 717–723.

Hageman G. J. , Verhagen H. , and Kleinjans J. C. S. 1988. Butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene and tert-butylhydroquinone are not mutagenic in the Salmonella/microsome assay using new tester strains. Mutat. Res. 208: 207–211.

Hirose M. , Asamoto M. , Hagiwara A. , Ito N. , Kaneko H. , Saito K. , Takamatsu Y. , Yoshitake A. , and Miyamoto J. 1987. Metabolism of 2- and 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (2- and 3-BHA) in the rat (II): Metabolism in non-glandular stomach and covalent binding to tissue macromolecules. Toxicology 45: 13–24.

Hirose M. , Masuda A. , Hasegawa R. , Wada S. , and Ito N. 1990. Regression of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)-induced hyperplasia but not dysplasia in the non-glandular stomach of hamsters. Carcinogenesis 11: 239–244.

Hirose M. , Masuda A. , Kurata Y. , Ikawa E. , Mera Y. , and Ito N. 1986. Histologic and autoradiographic studies on the non-glandular stomach of hamsters treated with 2-tert-Butylated Hydroxyanisole, 3-tert-Butylated Hydroxyanisole, Crude Butylated Hydroxyanisole, or Butylated Hydroxytoluene. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 76: 143–149.

IARC. 1985. Some naturally occurring and synthetic food components, furocoumarins and ultraviolet radiation. In IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Vol. 40. IARC, Lyon, France. 126.

Ikeda G. J. , Stewart J. E. , Sapienza P. P. , Peggins J. O. III , Michel T. C. , Olivito V. , Alam H. Z. , and O'Donnell M. W. J. 1986. Effect of subchronic dietary administration of butylated hydroxyanisole on canine stomach and hepatic tissue. Food Chem. Toxicol. 24: 1201–1221.

Imaida K. , Fukushima S. , Shirai T. , Masui T. , Ogiso T. , and Ito N. 1984. Promoting activities of Butylated Hydroxyanisole, Butylated Hydroxytoluene and Sodium L-ascorbate on non-glandular stomach and urinary bladder carcinogenesis initiated with Methylnitrosourea in F344 male rats. Gann 75: 769–775.

Ishidate M. , and Odashima S. 1977. Chromosome tests with 134 compounds on Chinese hamster cells in vitro - a screening for chemical carcinogens. Mutat. Res. 48: 337–354.

Ito N. , Fukushima S. , Hagiwara A. , Shibata M. , and Ogiso T. 1983a. Carcinogenicity of Butylated Hydroxyanisole in F344 rats. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 70: 343–352.

Ito N. , Fukushima S. , Imaida K. , Sakata T. , and Masui T. 1983b. Induction of papilloma in the non-glandular stomach of hamsters by butylated hydroxyanisole. Gann 74: 459–461.

Ito N. , Fukushima S. , Tamano S. , Hirose M. , and Hagiwara A. 1986. Dose response in Butylated Hydroxyanisole induction of non-glandular stomach carcinogenesis in F344 rats. J Natl. Cancer Inst. 77: 1261–1265.

Ito N. , Hagiwara A. , Shibata M. , Ogiso T. , and Fukushima S. 1982. Induction of squamous cell carcinoma in the non-glandular stomach of F344 rats treated with Butylated Hydroxyanisole. Gann 73: 332–334.

Iverson F. , Lok E. , Nera E. , Karpinski K. , and Clayson D. B. 1985. A 13-week feeding study of butylated hydroxyanisole: the subsequent regression of the induced lesions in male Fischer 344 rat non-glandular stomach epithelium. Toxicology 35: 1–11.

Iverson F. , Truelove J. , Nera E. , Lok E. , Clayson D. B. , and Wong J. 1986. A 12-week study of BHA in the cynomolgus monkey. Food Chem. Toxicol. 24: 1197–1200.

Joner P. E. 1977. Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and ethoxyquin (EMQ) tested for mutagenicity. Acta Vet. Scand. 18: 187–193.

Kawachi T. , Komatsu T. , Kada T. , Ishidate M. , Sasaki M. , Sugiyama T. , and Tazima Y. 1980. Results of recent studies on the relevance of various short-term screening tests in Japan. In The Predictive Value of Short-Term Screening Test in Carcinogenicity Evaluation. Williams G. M. , Kroes R. , Waaijers H. W. , and van de Poll K. W. editors. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 253–267.

Masui T. , Asamoto M. , Hirose M. , Fukushima S. , and Ito N. 1987. Regression of simple hyperplasia and papillomas and persistence of basal cell hyperplasia in the non-glandular stomach of F344 rats treated with butylate hydroxyanisole. Cancer Res. 47: 5171–5174.

Masui T. , Hirose M. , Imaida K. , Fukushima S. , Tamano S. , and Ito N. 1986. Sequential changes of the non-glandular stomach of F344 rats, Syrian Golde Hamsters, and B6C3F₁ mice treated with butylated hydroxyanisole. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 77: 1083–1090.

Matsuoka A. , Matsui M. , Miyata N. , Sofuni T. , and Ishidate M. 1990. Mutagenicity of 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) and its metabolites in short-term tests in vitro. Mutat. Res. 241: 125–132.

Nera E. A. , Iverson F. , Lok E. , Armstrong C. L. , Karpinski K. , and Clayson D. B. 1988. A carcinogenesis reversibility study of the effects of butylated hydroxyanisole on the non-glandular stomach and urinary bladder in male Fischer 344 rats. Toxicology 53: 251–268.

Nera E. A. , Lok E. , Iverson F. , Ormsby E. , Karpinski K. F. , and Clayson D. B. 1984. Short-term pathological and proliferative effects of Butylated Hydroxyanisole and other Phenolic antioxidants in the non-glandular stomach of Fischer 344 rats. Toxicology 32: 197–213.

Olsen P. 1983. The carcinogenic effect of Butylated Hydroxyanisole on the stratified epithelium of the stomach in rat versus pig. Cancer Lett. 21: 115–116.

Shirai T. , Fukushima S. , Oshima M. , Masuda A. , and Ito N. 1984. Effects of Butylated Hydroxyanisole, Butylated Hydroxytoluene, and NaCl on gastric carcinogenesis initiated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in F344 rats. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 72: 1189–1198.

Takahashi M. , Furukawa F. , Toyoda K. , Sato H. , Hasegawa R. , and Hayashi Y. 1986. Effects of four antioxidants on N-Methyl-N'-Notro-N-Nitrosoguanidine initiated gastric tumor development in rats. Cancer Lett. 30: 161–168.

Tobe M. , Furuya T. , Kawasaki Y. , Naito K. , Sekita K. , Matsumoto K. , Ochiai T. , Usui A. , Kokubo T. , Kanno J. , and Hayashi Y. 1986. Six-month toxicity study of butylated hydroxyanisole in beagle dogs. Food Chem. Toxicol. 24: 1223–1228.

Tong C.C. , and Williams G.M. 1987. The effect of tumor promoters on cell-to-cell communication in liver epithelial cell systems. In Biochemical Mechanisms and Regulation of Intercellular Communication( Milman H.A. , Elmore E. , eds.) Princeton Scientific Publishing Company, Princeton, NJ, pp. 251–263.

Tsuda H. , Sakata T. , Shirai T. , Kurata Y. , Tamano S. , and Ito N. 1984. Modification of N-methyl-n-nitrosourea initiated carcinogenesis in the rat by subsequent treatment with antioxidants, Phenobarbital and Ethinyl Estradiol. Cancer Lett. 24: 19–27.

Verhagen H. , Furnée C. , Schutte B. , Bosman F. T. , Blijham G. H. , Henderson P. T. , ten Hoor F. , and Kleinjans J. C. S. 1990. Dose-dependent effects of short-term dietary administration of the food additive butylated hydroxyanisole on cell kinetic parameters in rat gastro-intestinal tract. Carcinogenesis 11: 1461–1468.

Williams G. M. 1986. Epigenetic promoting effects of butylated hydroxyanisole. Food Chem. Toxicol. 24: 1163–1166.

Williams G. M. , McQueen C. A. , and Tong C. 1990a. Toxicity studies of Butylated Hydroxyanisole and Butylated Hydroxytoluene. I. Genetic and cellular effects. Food Chem. Toxicol. 28: 793–798.

Williams G. M. , Wang C. X. , and Iatropoulos M. J. 1990b. Toxicity studies of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene. II. Chronic feeding studies. Food Chem. Toxicol. 28: 799–806.

Würtzen G. , Olsen P. 1986. BHA study in pigs. Food Chem. Toxicol. 24: 1229–1233.