Effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activity in glazers with occupational cadmium exposure: A randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled crossover clinical trial
Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online January, 2019
Effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activity in glazers with occupational cadmium exposure: A randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled crossover clinical trial
Recently, there is a growing interest for the use of antioxidants as a preventive agent against cadmium (Cd) intoxication. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary coenzyme Q10 supplementation on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes activity in Cd-exposed glazers. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 2-month crossover clinical trial, coenzyme Q10 (60 mg twice daily) or placebo was administrated to 40 male glazers occupationally exposed to Cd. The subjects were randomly assigned to the placebo and coenzyme Q10 groups (n = 20 in each group). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum of glazers were measured at baseline and at the end of both intervention phases. The primary outcomes were the changes in serum levels of MDA, TAC and the activities of SOD, CAT, and GPx during administration with coenzyme Q10 versus placebo. Compared with placebo, treatment to coenzyme Q10 was associated with a significant reduction in serum MDA levels (p < 0.001) While, there was no significant effect on the serum TAC levels (p = 0.096). Also, the activity antioxidant enzymes of SOD (p < 0.001) and GPx (p = 0.003) were significantly higher and the CAT activity (p < 0.001) was lower after 2-month coenzyme Q10 administration compared with placebo. Data demonstrated that coenzyme Q10 supplementation at a dose of 60 mg (twice daily) is effective in reducing oxidative stress marker level (MDA) and improving antioxidant enzymes activity in glazers exposed to Cd. However, further research is needed to assess coenzyme Q10 as a possible dietary intervention in Cd-exposed workers.
AndresenBD (1986) Textbook of Clinical Chemistry. London: Saunders Company.
2.
ArroyoARodríguez-AguileraJCSantos-OcañaC. (2004) Stabilization of extracellular ascorbate mediated by coenzyme Q transmembrane electron transport. Methods in Enzymology378: 207–217.
3.
BabuKRRajmohanHRRajanBK. (2006) Plasma lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes status in workers exposed to cadmium. Toxicology and Industrial Health22(8): 329–335.
4.
BaggioEGandiniRPlancherAC. (1994) Italian multicenter study on the safety and efficacy of coenzyme Q10 as adjunctive therapy in heart failure. CoQ10 Drug Surveillance Investigators. Molecular Aspects of Medicine15: 287–294.
5.
BenzieIFStrainJJ (1999) Ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay: direct measure of total antioxidant activity of biological fluids and modified version for simultaneous measurement of total antioxidant power and ascorbic acid concentration. Methods in Enzymology299: 15–27.
6.
BeyerRE (1994) The role of ascorbate in antioxidant protection of biomolecules: interaction with vitamin E and coenzyme Q. Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes26(4): 349–358.
BizońAMilnerowiczH (2014) Participation of metallothionein and superoxide dismutase in the blood of smoking smelters. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health27(2): 326–334.
9.
BizonAAntonowicz-JuchniewiczJAndrzejakR. (2013) The influence of the intensity of smoking and years of work in the metallurgy on pro- oxidant/antioxidant balance in the blood of smelters. Toxicology and Industrial Health29(2): 149–161.
10.
BrzóskaMMBorowskaSTomczykM (2016) Antioxidants as a potential preventive and therapeutic strategy for cadmium. Current Drug Targets17(12): 1350–1384.
11.
CasalinoECalzarettiGSblanoC. (2002) Molecular inhibitory mechanisms of antioxidant enzymes in rat liver and kidney by cadmium. Toxicology179(1–2): 37–50.
12.
CraneFL (2001) Biochemical functions of coenzyme Q10. Journal of the American College of Nutrition20(6): 591–598.
13.
CuypersAPlusquinMRemansT. (2010) Cadmium stress: an oxidative challenge. Biometals23(5): 927–940.
14.
ErcalNGurer-OrhanHAykin-BurnsN (2001) Toxic metals and oxidative stress part I: mechanisms involved in metal-induced oxidative damage. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry1(6): 529–539.
15.
ErnsterLDallnerG (1995) Biochemical, physiological and medical aspects of ubiquinone function. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Basis of Disease1271(1): 195–204.
16.
FeiginAKieburtzKComoP. (1996) Assessment of coenzyme Q10 tolerability in Huntington’s disease. Movement Disorders11(3): 321–323.
17.
FerranteKLShefnerJZhangH. (2005) Tolerance of high-dose (3,000 mg/day) coenzyme Q10 in ALS. Neurology65(11): 1834–1836.
18.
FloraSJShrivastavaRMittalM (2013) Chemistry and pharmacological properties of some natural and synthetic antioxidants for heavy metal toxicity. Current Medicinal Chemistry20(36): 4540–4574.
19.
FotinoADThompson-PaulAMBazzanoLA (2013) Effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on heart failure: a meta-analysis. The American journal of clinical nutrition97(2): 268–275.
20.
GarçonGLeleuBZerimechF. (2004) Biologic markers of oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity as studied in biomonitoring of adverse effects of occupational exposure to lead and cadmium. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine46(11): 1180–1186.
21.
HormoziMMirzaeiRNakhaeeA. (2018) The biochemical effects of occupational exposure to lead and cadmium on markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes activity in the blood of glazers in tile industry. Toxicology and Industrial Health34(7): 459–467.
22.
IkematsuHNakamuraKHarashimaS. (2006) Safety assessment of coenzyme Q10 (Kaneka Q10) in healthy subjects: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology44(3): 212–218.
23.
JosephP (2009) Mechanisms of cadmium carcinogenesis. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology238(3): 272–279.
24.
KharaevaZGostovaELucaCD. (2009) Clinical and biochemical effects of coenzyme Q10, vitamin E, and selenium supplementation to psoriasis patients. Nutrition25(3): 295–302.
25.
LassASohalRS (2000) Effect of coenzyme Q (10) and alpha-tocopherol content of mitochondria on the production of superoxide anion radicals. The FASEB Journal14(1): 87–94.
26.
LeeBJHuangYCChenSJ. (2012) Coenzyme Q10 supplementation reduces oxidative stress and increases antioxidant enzyme activity in patients with coronary artery disease. Nutrition28(3): 250–255.
27.
LeeBJTsengYFYenCH. (2013) Effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation (300 mg/day) on antioxidation and anti-inflammation in coronary artery disease patients during statins therapy: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Nutrition Journal12(1):142.
28.
MoitraSBrashierBBSahuS (2014) Occupational cadmium exposure-associated oxidative stress and erythrocyte fragility among jewelry workers in India. American Journal of Industrial Medicine57(9): 1064–1072.
29.
NzengueY1CandéiasSMSauvaigoS. (2011) The toxicity redox mechanisms of cadmium alone or together with copper and zinc homeostasis alteration: Its redox biomarkers. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology25(3): 171–180.
30.
OgnjanovićBIMarkovićSDEthordevićNZ. (2010) Cadmium-induced lipid peroxidation and changes in antioxidant defense system in the rat testes: Protective role of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E. Reproductive Toxicology29(2): 191–197.
31.
OgnjanovićBIMarkovićSDPavlovićSZ. (2006) Combined effects of coenzyme Q10 and Vitamin E in cadmium induced alterations of antioxidant defense system in the rat heart. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology22(2): 219–224.
32.
OgnjanovićBIPavlovićSZMaletićSD. (2003) Protective influence of vitamin E on antioxidant defense system in the blood of rats treated with cadmium. Physiological Research52(5): 563–570.
33.
OgunrinolaOOWusuDAFajanaOO. (2016) Effect of low level cadmium exposure on superoxide dismutase activity in rat. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research15: 115–119.
34.
OyinloyeBEAjiboyeBOOjoOA. (2016) Ameliorative potential of Aframomum melegueta extract in cadmium-induced hepatic damage and oxidative stress in male Wistar rats. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences6: 094–099.
35.
PatraRCSwarupDSenapatiSK (1999) Effects of cadmium on lipid peroxides and superoxide dismutase in hepatic, renal and testicular tissue of rats. Veterinary and Human Toxicology41(2): 65–67.
36.
PaunovićMGMatićMMOgnjanovićBI. (2017) Antioxidative and haematoprotective activity of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E against cadmium-induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats. Toxicol Ind Health. 33(10):746–756.
37.
Rodríguez-CarrizalezADCastellanos-GonzálezJAMartínez-RomeroEC. (2016) The effect of ubiquinone and combined antioxidant therapy on oxidative stress markers in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy: A phase IIa, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study. Redox Report21(4): 155–163.
38.
RosenfeldtFLHaasSJKrumH. (2007) Coenzyme Q10 in the treatment of hypertension: a meta-analysis of the clinical trials. Journal of Human Hypertension21(4): 297–306.
39.
SciskalskaMZalewskaMGrzelakA. (2014) The influence of the occupational exposure to heavy metals and tobacco smoke on the selected oxidative stress markers in smelters. Biological Trace Element Research159(1–3): 59–68.
40.
SeetRCLimECTanJJ. (2014) Effects of high-dose coenzyme Q10 on biomarkers of oxidative damage and clinical outcomes in Parkinson disease. Antioxidant Redox Signaling21(2): 211–217.
41.
ShourokiFKShahtaheriSJGolbabaeiF. (2015) Measurement of urinary cadmium in glazers using solid phase extraction followed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. International Journal of Occupational Hygiene4(2):11–16.
42.
ShultsCWFlint BealMSongD. (2004) Pilot trial of high dosages of coenzyme Q10 in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Experimental neurology188(2): 491–494.
43.
SomayajuluMMcCarthySHungM. (2005) Role of mitochondria in neuronal cell death induced by oxidative stress; neuroprotection by Coenzyme Q10. Neurobiology of Disease18(3): 618–627.
44.
SpindlerMBealMFHenchcliffeC (2009) Coenzyme Q10 effects in neurodegenerative disease. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment5: 597–610.
45.
StohsSJBagchiD (1995) Oxidative mechanisms in the toxicity of metal ions. Free Radical Biology and Medicine18(2): 321–336.
46.
StorchAJostWHViereggeP. (2007) German coenzyme Q(10) Study Group. Randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial on symptomatic effects of coenzyme Q (10) in Parkinson disease. Archives of Neurology64(7): 938–944.
47.
TandonSKSinghSPrasadS. (2003) Reversal of cadmium induced oxidative stress by chelating agent, antioxidant or their combination in rat. Toxicology Letters145(3): 211–217.
48.
ThompsonJBanniganJ (2008) Cadmium: toxic effects on the reproductive system and the embryo. Reproductive Toxicology25(3): 304–315.
49.
TianoLPadellaLSantoroL. (2012) Prolonged coenzyme Q10 treatment in Down syndrome patients: effect on DNA oxidation. Neurobiology of Aging33(3): 626 e621–626 e628.
50.
UchiyamaMMiharaM (1978) Determination of malondialdehyde precursor in tissues by thiobarbituric acid test. Analytical Biochemistry86(1): 271–278.
51.
ValkoMMorrisHCroninMT (2005) Metals, toxicity and oxidative stress. Current Medical Chemistry12(10): 1161–1208.
52.
WaisbergMJosephPHaleB. (2003) Molecular and cellular mechanisms of cadmium carcinogenesis: a review. Toxicology192(2-3): 95–117.
53.
WangGFowlerBA (2008) Roles of biomarkers in evaluating interactions among mixtures of lead, cadmium and arsenic. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology233(1): 92–99.
54.
YoungJM1FlorkowskiCMMolyneuxSL. (2012) A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of coenzyme Q10 therapy in hypertensive patients with the metabolic syndrome. American Journal of Hypertension25(2): 261–270.
