Short-term induction of vitellogenesis in the immature male yellowfin seabream ( Acanthopagrus latus ) exposed to bisphenol A and 17 β -estradiol

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a known environmental endocrine-disrupting chemical that is widely used in plastics manufacturing. BPA enters in the aquatic environment mainly through urban and industrial sewage effluents, thereby posing a potential threat to organisms living in these ecosystems. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of BPA on VTG production with direct (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyarylamide gel electrophoresis) and indirect (alkali-labile phosphate (ALP), total plasma calcium and protein) methods in immature male yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) as a marine fish model. Fish were randomly distributed into seven groups that were administered 1, 10, 50, and 100 µg g⁻¹ week⁻¹ of BPA and 2 µg g⁻¹week⁻¹ of 17β-estradiol (E2) over a period of 2 weeks. Solvent controls received olive oil, whereas controls were not injected. The fish were sampled on days 0, 7, and 14, and their blood plasma and liver were obtained. The results showed that the hepatosomatic index of all treated fish was elevated in comparison with controls. Direct and indirect indicators showed that fish VTG protein was induced by BPA and E2 exposure. The protein was found to have two bands with molecular weights around 210 and 190 KDa. ALP, total plasma calcium and protein levels were increased in dose- and time-dependent manners. The results of this study demonstrated that short-term exposure of yellowfin seabream to BPA induced adverse effects in the reproductive system of hermaphrodite fish.