Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a widely distributed enzyme and has a crucial role in the cells, tissues and organs of living organisms. It is found that CA-II is one of the most abundant CA isoenzymes in the gastrointestinal system. It plays an important role in the gastric acid secretion in stomach. In this study, we purified CA-II isoenzyme from sheep stomach with a 615.2 purification fold, 78% purification yield and 5562.02 specific activity. Moreover, the in vitro effects of some commonly used pesticides including chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, dichlorvos, glyphosate isopropylamine and lambda cyhalomethrin on the enzyme activity were investigated. Of these compounds, glyphosate isopropylamine and dichlorvos showed an inhibition on CA-II esterase activity. They have IC50 values of 0.155 µM and 2.690 µM and Ki values of 0.329 µM and 3.654 µM, respectively. Both glyphosate isopropylamine and dichlorvos inhibited CA-II isoenzyme in a noncompetitive manner.
AliciHAEkinciDBeydemirS (2008) Intravenous anesthetics inhibit human paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity in vitro and in vivo. Clinical Biochemistry41: 1384–1390.
2.
AnwarWA (1997) Biomarkers of human exposure to pesticides. Environment Health Perspectives105: 801–806.
3.
BeydemirSGülçinI (2004) Effect of melatonin on carbonic anhydrase from human erythrocyte in vitro and from rat erythrocyte in vivo. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medical Chemistry19: 193–197.
4.
BeydemirSÇiftçiMKufreviogluOIBuyukokurogluME (2002) Effects of gentamicin sulfate on enzyme activities of carbonic anhydrase from human erythrocytes in vitro and from rat erythrocytes in vivo. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin25: 966–969.
5.
BeydemirSCiftciMOzmenIBuyukokurogluMEOzdemirHKüfreviogluOI (2000) Effects of some medical drugs on enzyme activities of carbonic anhydrase from human erythrocytes in vitro and from rat erythrocytes in vivo. Pharmacological Research42: 187–191.
6.
BoneQMarshallNBBlaxterJHS (1995) In sensory systems and communication: biology of fishes Chapman. In: BoneQMarshallNBBlaxterJHS (eds). New York, NY: Hall, pp. 219–261.
7.
BradfordMM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantization of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry72: 248–251.
8.
CeyhunSBSenturkMErdoganOKufreviogluOI (2010) In vitro and in vivo effects of some pesticides on carbonic anhydrase enzyme from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) gills. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology97: 177–181.
9.
ChegwiddenWRDodgsonSJSpencerIM (2000) The Carbonic Anhydrases: New Horizons. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhauser Verlag, p. 343–363.
10.
DavenportHW (1939) Gastric carbonic anhydrase. Journal of Physiology97: 32.
11.
DaviesREEdelmanJ (1985) The function of carbonic anhydrase in the stomach. Biochemical Journal50: 190–194.
12.
DodgsonSJ (1991) The carbonic anhydrases: overview of their importance in cellular physiology and in molecular genetics. Cellular Physiology and Molecular Genetics. New York, NY: Plenum Press, pp. 3–14.
13.
DoganS (2006) The in vitro effects of some pesticides on carbonic anhydrase activity of oncorhynchus mykiss and Cyprinus carpio carpio fish. Journal of Hazardous Materials132: 171–176.
14.
EkinciDBeydemirS (2010) Risk assessment of pesticides and fungicides for acid–base regulation and salt transport in rainbow trout tissues. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology97: 66–70.
15.
EkinciDBeydemirSAlımZ (2007b) Some drugs inhibit in vitro hydratase and esterase activities of human carbonic anhydrase-I and II. Pharmacological Reports59: 580–587.
16.
EkinciDBeydemirSKufreviogluOI (2007a) In vitro inhibitory effects of some heavy metals on human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrases. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry22: 745–750.
17.
FeldsteinJBSilvermanDN (1984) Properties of carbonic anhydrase from the saliva of rat. Annals of The New York Academy of Sciences429: 214–215.
18.
EspositoEXBaranKKellyKMaduraJD (2000) Docking of sulfonamides to carbonic anhydrase II and IV. Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling18: 283–289.
19.
FujikawaAKNishimoriITaguchiTOnishiS (1999) Human carbonic anhydrase XIV (CA14): cDNA cloning, mRNA expression, and mapping to chromosome 1. Genomics61: 74–81.
20.
GulcinIBeydemirSBuyukokurogluME (2004) In vitro and in vivo effects of dantrolene on carbonic anhydrase enzyme activities. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin27: 613–616.
21.
KielyTDonaldsonDGrubeA (2004) Pesticides industry sales and usage: 2000 and 2001 market estimates. US EPA. Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances. Office of Pesticide Programs. Biological and Economic Analysis Division.
22.
LaemmliUK (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature227: 680–683.
23.
LindskogS (1997) Structure and mechanism of carbonic anhydrase. Pharmacology and Therapeutics74: 1–20.
24.
LineweaverHBurkD (1934) The determination of enzyme dissocation constants. Journal of American Chemical Society57: 685.
25.
PastorekovaSParkkilaSPastorekJSupuranCT (2004) Carbonic anhydrases: current state of the art. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry19: 199–229.
26.
SoyutHBeydemirS (2008) Purification and some kinetic properties of carbonic anhydrase from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver and metal inhibition. Protein Peptide Letters15: 528–535.
27.
SoyutHBeydemirS (2012) The impact of heavy metals on the activity of carbonic anhydrase from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) kidney. Toxicology and Industrial Health28: 296–305.
28.
SoyutHBeydemirSHisarO (2008) Effects of some metals on carbonic anhydrase from brains of rainbow trout. Biological Trace Element and Research123: 179–190.
29.
SupuranCTBrigantiFTilliSChegwiddenWRScozzafavaA (2001) Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: sulfonamides as antitumor agents?Bioorganic and Medical Chemistry9: 703–714.
30.
SupuranCTScozzafavaA (2001) Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Current Medical Chemistry1: 61–97.
31.
SupuranCTScozzafavaACasiniA (2002) Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Medical Research Reviews23: 146–189.
32.
SupuranCTScozzafavaACasiniAMincioneFMenabuoniLCaproiuMT. (2000) Carbonic anhydraseinhibitors: sulfonamides incorporating furan-thiophene- and pyrrole-carboxamido groups possess strong topical intraocular pressure lowering porperties as aqueous suspensions. Bioorganic and Medical Chemistry8: 2145–2155.
33.
TashianREHewett-EmmetDVentaPJ (1991) Carbonic anhydrase: From biochemistry and genetics to physiology and clinical medicine. In: Botr’eFGrosGStoreyBT (eds) Weinheim, Germany: VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. pp. 151–161.
34.
WilburKMAndersonNG (1948) Electrometric and colorimetric determination of carbonic anhydrase. Journal of Biological Chemistry176: 147–154.
