Among the university students especially in adolescence period, smoking habits and unhealthy lifestyles are major problems in social life. In this study, it is intended to reveal smoking habits and lifestyles of the students from Suleyman Demirel University and to determine the effects of smoking and lifestyles on pulmonary functions.
Materials and methods:
Participants were 94 university students who were getting formal education in the Suleyman Demirel University central campus. Data were analysed by analysis of variance and chi-square tests. For all analysis, p value of <0.05 was considered significant.
Results:
Students’ mean age was 19.9 ± 0.9 years, and of all the students 74 (78.7%) were undergraduate students; remaining 20 (21.3%) were graduate students. Of all the students, 27 (28.7%), which comprised the largest group of the students, were living in state dormitory. Body mass index (BMI) was examined for the study group; according to BMI, body weight was generally within normal limits but 17.39% of girls’ were found to be underweight.
Conclusions:
Respiratory parameters can be affected by many factors. Smoking habit of university students can be prevented, and it is an important point that they have a healthy lifestyle both for their own health and for future generations.
AllisonDBZhuSKPlankeyM. (2002) Differential associations of body mass index and adiposity with all-cause mortality among men in the first and second National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES I and NHANES II) follow-up studies. Int J Obesity26: 410–416.
2.
CarlsonCLCushmanMEnrightPL. (2001) Hormone replacement therapy is associated with higher FEV1 in elderly women. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine163: 423–438.
3.
ChapmanKR (2004) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: are women more susceptible than men?Clinics in Chest Medicine25: 331–341.
4.
ChapmanKRTashkinDPPyeDC (2001) Gender bias in the diagnosis of COPD. Chest119: 1691–1695.
5.
ChoppGL (2001) Clinics in Chest Medicine; Pulmonary Function Testing. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Company.
6.
CikirikciogluYBKömürcüoğluBBilaçeroğluSAkpınarMÇeliktenE (2003) Astım Hastalarının Akut Atak ve Stabil Dönemlerindeki Serum Lipid Profili Değişimleri. Toraks Dergisi4(1): 7–11.
7.
DemiralayR (2002) Behaviours and attitudes of medical students towards smoking. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences32: 339–344.
8.
DemiralayR (2003) Nicotine dependence in medical students and physicians in the lakes region. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences33: 321–327.
9.
DiclementeRJHansenWPontonLE (1996) Adolescents at-risk: a generation in jeopardy. In: DiClementeRJHansenWPontonL (eds) Handbook of Adolescent Health Risk Behavior. New York, NY: Plenum Press, pp. 1–4.
10.
DincerDKaplanBHazarMGönülB (1992) Elit Erkek Atletlerin Vital Kapasiteleri ve Bazı Kan Değerleri Bakımından Spor Yapmayan Kontroller ile Karşılaştırılması. Hacettepe Ünv Spor Bil ve Tek YO Spor Bil Der3(1): 42–47.
11.
DincerSArslanCKaplanBOngunÖGönülB (1993) Elit kız ve erkek atletlerin bazı solunum ve kan parametrelerinin karşılaştırılması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi4(2): 35–39.
12.
DollRPetroRWheatleyKGrayRSutherlandL (1994) Mortality in relation to smoking: 40 years on male British doctors. British Medical Journal309: 901–911.
13.
ErcanOAlikaşifoğluMErginözEarkve. (2001) İstanbul lise gençlerinde riskli davranışların sıklığı ve cinsiyete göre dağılımı Cerrahpaşa Gençlik Sağlığı Araştırması 2000. Türk Pediatri Arşivi36: 199–211.
14.
FeldmanE (2000) Adolescent health: risks, resilience, prevention. Clinics in Family Practice2: 767–790.
15.
GonlugurUAkkurtİEfeoğluTÇınarZ (2004) KOAH olgularında body mass indeksi. Akciğer arşivi1: 35–39.
16.
HabibSSAhmedSMAl DreesAMHusainA (2011) Effect of cigarette smoking on fractional exhaled nitric oxide in Saudi medical college students. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association61(2): 120–123.
17.
Health 21 (1999) The health for all policy framework for the WHO European Region. European Health for All Series No. 6. Copenhagen, Denmark: WHO, pp. 40–95.
18.
JoffeA (2000) Why adolescent medicine?Medical Clinics of North America84: 769–785.
19.
KannLKinchenSAWilliamsBI. (2000) Youth risk behaviour surveillance – United States, 1999. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report49: 1–31.
20.
KaralBHatunSAydoğanMBabaoğluKGökalpAS (2003) Kocaeli ilindeki lise öğrencilerinde sağlık açısından riskli davranışların değerlendirilmesi. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi46: 30–37.
21.
KoopE (1996) Health promotion and disease prevention in clinical practice. In: LawrenceRSWoolfSHJonasS (eds) Health Promotion and Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins, pp. 7–9.
22.
MartinezFJCurtisJLSciurbaF. (2007) Sex differences in severe pulmonary emphysema. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine176: 243–252.
23.
MehrotraPKVarmaNTiwariSKumarP (1998) Pulmonary functions in Indian sportsmen playing different sports. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology42(3): 412–416.
24.
MergenHMergenBETavlıVOngelKTanS (2011) Assessment of smoking behaviours of 2509 Turkish university students and its correlates: a cross-sectional study. Tuberculosis and Thorax59(2): 126–131.
25.
MergenHOngelKMergenEB (2009) Is medical check-up useful for physician among new university students during enrolling time to university? A survey of 640 new university students. European Journal of General Medicine6(2): 10–14.
26.
MuchaLStephensonJMorandiNDiraniR (2006) Meta-analysis of disease risk associated with smoking by gender and intensity of smoking. Gender Medicine3: 279–291.
27.
MustonenTKSpencerSMHoskinsonRASachsDPLGarveyAJ (2005) The influence of gender, race, and menthol content on tobacco exposure measures. Nicotine and Tobacco Research7: 581–590.
28.
NelsonHDHumpheryLLLeBlancE. (2002) Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy for the primary prevention of chronic conditions: a summary of the evidence. U.S. preventive services task force. Available at: www.prenevtiveservices.ahrq.gov(21 August).
29.
OngelKMergenH (2008) Health screening results of students on a pre-registration time in a Turkish university. New World Sciences Academy3(2).
30.
OrhanOBilginUCetinEOzEDolekBE (2010) The effect of moderate altitude on some respiratory parameters of physical education and sports’ students. Journal of Asthma47(6): 609–613.
31.
ÖncelSYGebizlioğluOLAlioğluFA (2011) Risk factors for smoking behavior among university students. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences41(6): 1071–1080.
32.
PauwelsRABuistASMaP. (2001) Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and World Health Organization Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD): executive summary. Respir Care46: 798–825.
33.
PetoRLopezADBorehamJThunMHeathCJr (1992) Mortality from tobacco in developed countries: indirect estimation from national vital statistics. Lancer339(8804): 1268–1278.
34.
PhotiouAAnningJHMészárosJVajdaIMészárosZSzivaA. (2008) Lifestyle, body composition, and physical fitness changes in Hungarian school boys. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport2: 166–173.
35.
PronkNPPeekCJGoldsteinMG (2004) Addressing multiple behavioral risk factors in primary care: a synthesis of current knowledge and stakeholder dialogue sessions. American Journal of Preventive Medicine27: 4–17.
36.
RossouwJEAndersonGLPrenticeRL. (2002) (Writing group for the Women’s health initiative investigators). Risk and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women. Journal of the American Medical Association288: 321–333.
37.
SantanaHElenaZEmanuelaTPaoloTLuisaBMarioO. (2001) Relation between body composition, fat distribution, and lung function in elderly men1–3. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition73: 827–831.
38.
TenoreJLLipskyMS (2001) Preventive services for the adolescents (13–20 years). Pediatrics Clinics of North America48: 289–311.
39.
VarkeyAB (2004) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in women: exploring gender differences. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine10: 98–103.
40.
WHO (1993) The Health of Young People: A Challenge and a Promise. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
41.
WHO programming for adolescent health and development (1999) Report of a WHO/UNFPA/UNICEF study group on programming for adolescent health, WHO Technical Report Series, No. 886. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
42.
WHO (2002) Adolescent friendly health services.
43.
World Health Organisation (WHO), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (2004) Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. World Health Organisation, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute.
