Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online 2012-10
Natural analcime zeolite modified with 2,3,5,6-tetra(2-pyridyl)pyrazine for preconcentration and determination of trace amounts of cadmium by flame atomic absorption spectrometry
An analytical method using natural analcime zeolite modified with tppz (2,3,5,6-tetra-pyridylpyrazine) for preconcentration of cadmium, in a column system, and their sequential determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), was developed. In this work, cadmium was adsorbed onto natural analcime zeolite modified with tppz and then was recovered by nitric acid. Solutions of cadmium were passed through a glass column packed with 100 mg of the sorbent material, at pH 5.0, and cadmium was eluted with 2.0 M HNO3 at a flow rate of 2.0 ml min−1. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for eight replicate determinations at the 2.5 μg of cadmium was ±0.94%. The calibration curve using the preconcentration system was linear from 0.01 to 4 μg ml−1 in final solution with a correlation coefficient of 0.9993. This method was successfully applied for the determination of cadmium in various samples.
AlizadehNShamsipurM (1993) Spectrophotometric study of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) complexes with some crown ethers in dimethylsulphoxide solution using murexide as a metallochromic indicator. Talanta40(4): 503–506.
2.
ArpadjanSVuchkovaLKostadinovaE (1997) Sorption of arsenic, bismuth, mercury, antimony, selenium and tin on dithiocarbamate loaded polyurethane foam as a preconcentration method for their determination in water samples by simultaneous inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Analyst122: 243–246.
3.
BekkumHVFlanigenEMJansenJC (1991) Introduction to Zeolite Science and Practice Studies in Surface Sciences and Catalysis. Vol. 58. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
4.
BraininaKHNeymanE (1993) Electroanalytical Stripping Methods. New York: Wiley.
5.
BurbaPWillmerPG (1983) Cellulose: a bio-polymeric sorbent for heavy-metal traces in waters. Talanta30(5): 381–383.
6.
Chmielewska-HorvathovaELesnyJ (1995) Iodide adsorption on the surface of chemically pretreated clinoptilolite. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry200: 351–363.
7.
FerreriaSLCBritoCFDDanatsAF (1999) Nickel determination in saline matrices by ICP-AES after sorption on Amberlite XAD-2 loaded with PAN. Talanta48(5): 1173–1177.
IngramBTOttewillRH (1991) In: RubinghDNHollandPM (eds) Cationic Surfactants. Vol. 37. Marcel Dekkers: New York, 51.
10.
IvanovieneLStanevicieneILesauskaiteVSadauskieneIIvanovL (2004) Activities of tRNALeu and leucyl-tRNA synthetase and programmed cell death in the liver of mice under experimental cadmium poisoning. Journal of Trace Elements and Electrolytes in Health and Disease21: 180–184.
JackwerthEYangXGXuC (1989) Untersuchungen zur adsorptiven Anreicherung von Elementspuren an Adsorberharzen, Fresen. Z. Analytical Chemistry334: 514–520.
13.
KantipulyCJWestlandAD (1988) Review of methods for the determination of lanthanides in geological samples. Talanta35(1): 1–13.
14.
LeydenDEWegscheiderW (1981) Preconcentration for trace element determination in aqueous samples. Analytical Chemistry53: 1059–1065.
15.
NordbergGFKjellstromTNordbergM (1985) Kinetics and metabolism. In: FribergLElinderCGKjellstromTNordbergGF (eds) Exposure, Dose, and Metabolism. Vol. 1. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 103–178.
16.
OehmeFW (1978) Toxicity of Heavy Metals in the Environment. New York: Marcel Dekker.
17.
PenaYPLopezWBurgueraJLBurgueraMGallignaniMBrunettoR. (2000) Synthetic zeolites as sorbent material for on-line preconcentration of copper traces and its determination using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta403: 249–258.
18.
RostampourLTaherMA (2008) Determination of trace amounts of vanadium by UV-vis spectrophotometric after separation and preconcentration with modified natural clinoptilolite as a new sorbent. Talanta75(5): 1279–1283.
19.
SakaiYMorN (1986) Preconcentration of cobalt with N (dithiocarboxy)sarcosine and amberlite xad-4 resin. Talanta33(2): 161–163.
20.
ShaikhZASmithLM (1984) Biological indicators of cadmium exposure and toxicity. Experientia40: 36–43.
21.
SerencamHGundogduAUygurYKemerBBulutVNDuranC. (2008) Removal of cadmium from aqueous solution by Nordmann fir (Abies nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach. Subsp. nordmanniana) leaves. Bioresource Technology99(6): 1992–2000.
22.
ShimodaRNagamineTTakagiHMoriMWaalkesMP (2001) Induction of apoptosis in cells by cadmium: quantitative negativecorrelation between basal or induced metallothionein concentration and apoptotic rate. Toxicology Science64(2): 208–215.
23.
SoylakMElciL (1997) Preconcentration and separation of trace metal ions from sea water samples by use of amberlite XAD-16 after complexation with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry66: 51–59.
24.
SoylakMElciL (2000) Solid phase extraction of trace metal ions in drinking water samples from Kayseri-Turkey. Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques18: 397–403.
25.
SoylakMElçiLDoğanM (1995) Spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of tungsten in geological samples after preconcentration on amberlite XAD-1180. Talanta42(10): 1513–1517.
26.
SoylakMNarinI (2005) An on-line preconcentration system for cadmium determination in environmental samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Chemia Analityczna (Warsaw)50: 705–715.
27.
SoylakMTuzenM (2006) Diaion SP-850 resin as a new solid phase extractor for preconcentration-separation of trace metal ions in environmental samples. Journal of Hazardous Materials137(3): 1496–1501.
28.
StanleyJBJaselskisB (1991) Indirect spectrophotometric determination of micro-amounts of tin(II) in the presence of tin(IV) and in dental gels. Analyst116(10): 1059–1061.
29.
TaherMA (2001) Flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of trace amounts of manganese in alloys and biological samples after preconcentration with the ion pair of 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol and ammonium tetraphenylborate on microcrystalline naphthalene or by column method. Analytical Sciences17: 969–973.
30.
TianYHPipalnikRFangerHV (1990) Multielement analysis of archaic Chinese bronze and antique coins by fast neutron activation analysis. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry139: 43–53.
31.
TohyamaCSugihiraNSaitoH (1987) Critical concentration of cadmium for renal toxicity in rats. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health22(3): 255–259.
32.
TuzenMParlarKSoylakM (2005) Enrichment/separation of cadmium(ii) and lead(ii) in environmental samples by solid phase extraction. Journal of Hazardous Materials121(1-3): 79–87.
33.
VanderborghtBMVan GriekenRE (1977) Enrichment of trace-metals in water by adsorption on activated carbon. Analytical Chemistry49(2): 311–316.
34.
VogelAI (2000) Text Book of Quantitive Chemical Analysis. 6th ed. London: Longman, 386.
35.
WaisbergMJosephPHaleBBeyersmannD (2003) Molecular and cellular mechanisms of cadmium carcinogenesis. Toxicology192(2-3): 95–117.
36.
WangJ (1985) Stripping Analysis: Principles, Instrumentation and Applications. Deerfield Beach, FL: VCH.
37.
YuMQLiuGQJinQ (1983) Determination of trace arsenic, antimony, selenium and tellurium in various oxidation states in water by hydride generation and atomic-absorption spectropho-tometry after enrichment and separation with thiol cotton. Talanta30: 265–270.
