Since toxicity is based on the effect that a toxicant produces at a target site within an organism, establishing the relationship between the concentration of substance at the target site and the subsequent toxic effect can provide a tool for predicting toxicity. This article aims to investigate the patterns of bioaccumulation and elimination of nickel in the selected organs of black fish (Capoetafusca) exposed to two treatments of nickel (4.5 and 12.7 mg/L) for a period of 30 days. Nickel was assayed using Shimadzu AA 680 atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and the results were given as μg/g wet weight. This finding showed that the accumulation patterns of nickel, for lower sub-lethal (LSL) and higher sub-lethal (HSL) concentrations of nickel, are in the following order: gill > liver > muscle > skin. The elimination patterns of nickel are in the following order: gill > skin > muscle > liver, for LSL concentration, and gill > skin > liver > muscle, for HSL concentration of nickel. The results show that the target organ for accumulation and elimination of nickel is gill.
AgahHLeermakersMElskensMFatemiMRBaeyensW (2009) Accumulation of trace metals in the muscle and liver tissues of five fish species from the Persian Gulf. Environment Monitoring Assessment157(1–4): 499–514.
2.
AlamMGMTanakaAAllinsonGLaurensonLJBStagnittiF (2002) A comparison of trace element concentrations in cultured and wild carp (Cyprinuscarpio) of Lake Kasumigaura, Japan. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety53(3): 348–354.
3.
AlpAKaraCBuyukcaparHMBulbulO (2005) Age, growth and condition of Capoetaangorae from the upper water systems of the river Ceyhan. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Science29: 665–676.
4.
Al-YousufMHEl-ShahawiMSAl-GhaisSM (2000) Trace metals in liver, skin and muscle of Lethrimus lentjan fish species in relation to body length and sex. The Science of the Total Environment256(2–3): 87–94.
5.
AsagbaSAEriyamremuGEIgberaeseME (2008) Bioaccumulation of cadmium and its biochemical effect on selected tissues of the catfish (Clariasgariepinus). Fish Physiology Biochemistry34(1): 61–69.
6.
BoeningDW (1999) An evaluation of bivalves as biomonitors of heavy metals pollution in marine waters. Environment Monitoring Assessment55: 459–470.
7.
CoadBW (1996) Fishes from the qanats of Iran. Publicationes Especiales Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia21: 63–79.
8.
EbrahimpourMMushrifahI (2010). Seasonal variation of cadmium, copper, and lead concentrations in fish from a freshwater lake. Biological Trace Element Research1-3: 191–201.
9.
HedayatiASafahiehA (2010) Detection of mercury chloride acute toxicity in Yellowfin Sea bream (Acanthopagruslatus). World Journal Fish & Marine Science2(1): 86–92.
10.
IkemAEgieborNONyavorK (2003) Trace elements in water, fish and sediment from Tuskegee Lake, southeastern USA. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution149(1–4): 51–75.
11.
IpCMLiXDZhangGWongCSCZhangWL (2005) Heavy metal and Pb isotopic compositions of aquatic organisms in the Pearl River Estuary, South China. Environment Pollution138(3): 494–504.
12.
JayakumarPPaulVI (2006) Patterns of cadmium accumulation in selected tissues of the catfish Clarias batrachus (Linn.) exposed to sublethal concentration of cadmium chloride. Veterinarski Arhiv76(2): 167–177.
13.
KalayMCanliM (2000) Elimination of essential (Cu, Zn) and non-essential (Cd, Pb) metals from tissues of a freshwater fish Tilapiazillii. Turkish Journal of Zoology24: 429–436.
14.
KarthikeyanSPalaniappanPLRMSabhanayakamS (2007) Influence of pH and water hardness upon nickel accumulation in edible fish Cirrhinusmrigala. Journal of Environmental Biology28: 489–492.
15.
KocaSKocaYBYildizSGurcuB (2008) Genotoxic and histopathological effects of water pollution on two fish species, Barbuscapitopectoralis and Chondrostomanasus in the Büyük Menderes river, Turkey. Biological Trace Element Research122(3): 276–291.
16.
MondonJADudaSNowakBF (2001) Histological, growth and 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity responses of greenback flounder Rhombosolea tapirina to contaminated marine sediment and diet. Aquatic Toxicology54(1): 231–247.
17.
NikolskiiAM (1897) Reptiles, Amphibians, and Fishes Collected by N. A. Zarudny in Eastern Persia. Petersburg: Ann. Mus. Zoology Academy Imperial Science Stain, pp. 306–348.
18.
NusseyGVurenJHJPreezHH (2000) Bioaccumulation of chromium, manganese, nickel and lead in the tissues of the moggel, Labeo umbratus (Cyprinidae), from Witbank Dam, Mpumalanga. Water SA26(2): 269–284.
19.
Oliveira-FilhoECMunizDHFFerreiraMFN (2010) Cesar koppe grisolia evaluation of acute toxicity, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of a nickel mining waste to Oreochromisniloticus. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology85: 467–471.
20.
OmidiAMazloomiSFarhangfarH (2009) Preservative effect of Quanta’s water to reduce lead acetate toxicity (LC50, 96) on Capoetafusca. Journal of Fisheries Aquatic Science4: 50–56.
21.
OtitolojuAAElegbaOKOsibonaAO (2009) Biological responses in edible crab, Callinectesamnicola that could serve as markers of heavy metals pollution. Environmentalist29: 37–46.
22.
PalaniappanPLRMKarthikeyanS (2009) Bioaccumulation and depuration of chromium in the selected organs and whole body tissues of freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala individually and in binary solutions with nickel. Journal of Environmental Science21(2): 229–236.
23.
Prabhu Dass BatvariBKamala-KannanSShanthiKKrishnamoorthyRLeeKJJayaprakashM (2008) Heavy metals in two fish species (Carangoidelmalabaricus and Belonestronglurus) from Pulicat Lake, North of Chennai, Southeast Coast of India. Environment Monitoring Assessment145(1–3): 167–175.
24.
SanchoEFerrandoDTenCLieoEAndreu-MolinerE (1998) Sublethal bioconcentration of fenitrothion in the blood and brain of the european eel. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology60(5): 809–815.
25.
Senthil MuruganSKaruppasamyRPoongodiKPuvaneswariS (2008) Bioaccumulation pattern of zinc in freshwater fish Channa punctatus (Bloch.) after chronic exposure. Turkish Journal of Fisheries Aquatic Science8: 55–59.
26.
Tekin-ÖzanSKirI (2007) Seasonal variations of heavy metals in some organs of carp (Cyprinuscarpio L., 1758) from Beyşehir Lake (Turkey). Environment Monitoring Assessment138: 201–206.
27.
VinodhiniRNarayananM (2008a) Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in organs of fresh water fish Cyprinuscarpio (Common carp). International Journal of Environment Science Technology5:179–182.
28.
VinodhiniRNarayananM (2008b) Effect of heavy metals on the level of vitamin E, total lipid and glycogen reserves in the liver of common carp (Cyprinuscarpio L.). Major International Journal of Science Technology2: 391–399.
29.
WenBHTzongHLChihYC (2003) Accumulation of heavy metals in fish. Journal of National Hualien17: 35–44.
