The present study examined the associations between linking, response to positive affect, and psychological functioning in Chinese college students. The results of conducting multiple mediation analyses indicated that emotion- and self-focused positive rumination mediated the relationship between linking and psychological functioning, whereas dampening did not. Limitations and implications are discussed.
ArbuckleJ. L. (2005). Amos 6.0 user’s guide. Chicago, IL: SPSS.
2.
BijttebierP.RaesF.VaseyM. W.FeldmanG. C. (2012). Responses to positive affect predict mood symptoms in children under conditions of stress: A prospective study. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40, 381−389.
3.
BlockJ.KremenA. M. (1996). IQ and ego-resiliency: Conceptual and empirical connections and separateness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 349–361.
4.
BrunsteinJ. C. (1993). Personal goals and subjective well-being: A longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1061–1070.
5.
CarverC. S.ScheierM. F. (1998). On the self-regulation of behavior. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
6.
ChenJ.YangH. (2003). A survey on college students’ satisfaction with life [in Chinese]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 11, 202–203.
7.
DienerE. D.EmmonsR. A.LarsenR. J.GriffinS. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71–75.
8.
EshunS. (2000). Role of gender and rumination in suicide ideation: A comparison of college samples from Ghana and the United States. Cross-Cultural Research, 34, 250–263.
9.
FeldmanG. C.JoormannJ.JohnsonS. L. (2008). Responses to positive affect: A self-report measure of rumination and dampening. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32, 507–525.
10.
GilbertP.CheungM.IronsC.McEwanK. (2005). An exploration into depression-focused and anger-focused rumination in relation to depression in a student population. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 33, 273–283. doi:10.1017/S1352465804002048
11.
HarringtonJ. A.BlankenshipV. (2002). Ruminative thoughts and their relation to depression and anxiety. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32, 465–485.
12.
HechtmanL. A.RailaH.ChiaoJ.GruberJ. (2013). Positive emotion regulation and psychopathology: A transdiagnostic cultural neuroscience approach. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 4, 1–27.
13.
JohnsonS. L.McKenzieG.McMurrichS. (2008). Ruminative responses to negative and positive affect among students diagnosed with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32, 702–713.
14.
JoormannJ.D’AvanzatoC. (2010). Emotion regulation in depression: Examining the role of cognitive processes. Cognition & Emotion, 24, 913–939.
15.
LarsenR. J.PrizmicZ. (2004). Affect regulation. In VohsK. D.BaumeisterR. F. (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications (pp. 40–61). New York, NY: Guilford.
16.
LoehlinJ. C. (1992). Latent variable models: An introduction to factor, path, and structural analysis (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
17.
LiD. (2005). The dynamic developmental features of juvenile mood and the effect of different regulation strategies on mood change [in Chinese] (Unpublished master’s thesis). Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
18.
LiuW.TianL.LuH. (2013). Preliminary application of the rumination response scale (RRS) to Chinese working women [in Chinese]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 21, 42–44.
19.
MartinL. L.ShriraI.StartupH. M. (2004). Rumination as a function of goal progress, stop rules, and cerebral lateralization. In PapageorgiouC.WellsA. (Eds.), Depressive rumination: Nature, theory and treatment (pp. 153–176). New York, NY: Wiley.
20.
MartinL. L.TesserA. (1996). Some ruminative thoughts. In WyerR. S. (Ed.), Ruminative thoughts: Advances in social cognition (Vol. 1, pp. 1–47). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
21.
McIntoshE.GillandersD.RodgersS. (2010). Rumination, goal linking, daily hassles and life events in major depression. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 17, 33–43.
22.
McIntoshW. D.HarlowT. F.MartinL. L. (1995). Linkers and nonlinkers: Goal beliefs as a moderator of the effects of everyday hassles on rumination, depression, and physical complaints. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 25, 1231–1244.
23.
McIntoshW. D.MartinL. L. (1992). The cybernetics of happiness: The relation between goal attainment, rumination, and affect. In ClarkM. S. (Ed.), Review of personality and social psychology (Vol. 14, pp. 222–146). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
24.
McIntoshW. D.MartinL. L.JonesJ. B. (1997). Goal beliefs, life events, and the malleability of people’s judgments of their happiness. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 12, 567–575.
25.
McIntoshW. D.MartinL. L.JonesJ. B. (2001). Goal orientations and the search for confirmatory affect. Journal of Psychology, 135, 5–16.
26.
MiyamotoY.MaX. (2011). Dampening or savoring positive emotions: A dialectical cultural script guides emotion regulation. Emotion, 11, 1346–1357.
27.
MoberlyN. J.WatkinsE. R. (2010). Negative affect and ruminative self-focus during everyday goal pursuit. Cognition & Emotion, 24, 729–739.
PreacherK. J.HayesA. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879–891.
30.
RaesF.SmetsJ.NelisS.SchoofsH. (2012). Dampening of positive affect prospectively predicts depressive symptoms in non-clinical samples. Cognition & Emotion, 26, 75–82.
31.
SmithJ. M.AlloyL. B. (2009). A roadmap to rumination: A review of the definition, assessment, and conceptualization of this multifaceted construct. Clinical Psychology Review, 29, 116–128.
32.
TabachnickB. G.FidellL. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
YangH. (2006). A primary study on attachment and detachment in goal striving [in Chinese]. Psychological Science, 29, 395–397.
35.
YangH.GuoW. (2014). Chinese version of the Response to Positive Affect Questionnaire: Testing the factor structure, reliability, and validity in a college student sample. Psychological Reports: Measures & Statistics, 115, 1–18.
36.
YangH.HanX. (2009). Chinese version of Nolen-Hoeksema Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS) used in 912 college students: Reliability and validity [in Chinese]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 17, 550–551.
37.
YangH.LiuJ. (2006). The development of mental symptoms scale for college students and its application [in Chinese]. Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medical Science, 15, 1139–1141.
38.
YangH.YuanL.ShaoJ.ShenJ.ShenX.ChenY. (2009). A research on the mediating effect of going to the world and leaving the world between stress and mental health [in Chinese]. Chinese Journal of Applied Psychology, 15, 161–165.
39.
YangJ.YaoS. (2012). A trace research of the effect of stress-reactive rumination on depressive symptoms in high school students [in Chinese]. China Journal of Health Psychology, 20, 387–389.
40.
ZengH.GuoS. (2012). “Le”: The Chinese subject well-being and the view of happiness in China tradition culture. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 44, 986−994.