This study describes the development and psychometric properties of the Counseling Supervisor’s Behavior Questionnaire, designed to assess the specific behaviors of supervisors, which can be observed by supervisees during supervision sessions. Factor structure, construct and concurrent validity, and internal consistency reliability of the Counseling Supervisor’s Behavior Questionnaire scores are reported, along with a discussion of the implications for practice in supervision.
BernardJ. M.GoodyearR. K. (2004). Fundamentals of clinical supervision (3rd ed.). London, UK: Pearson.
2.
CashwellT. H.DooleyK. (2001). The impact of supervision on counselor self-efficacy. The Clinical Supervisor, 20, 39–47. doi:10.1300/J001v20n01_03
3.
EfstationJ. F.PattonM. J.KardashC. M. (1990). Measuring the working alliance in counselor supervision. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 37, 322–329. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.37.3.322
4.
FernandoD. M. (2013). Supervision by doctoral students: A study of supervisee satisfaction and self-efficacy and comparison with faculty supervision outcomes. The Clinical Supervisor, 32, 1–14.
5.
FernandoD. M.Hulse-KillackyD. (2005). The relationship of supervisory styles to satisfaction with supervision and the perceived self-efficacy of master’s-level counseling students. Counselor Education and Supervision, 44, 293–304. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6978.2005.tb01757.x
6.
FriedlanderM. L.WardL. G. (1984). Development and validation of the Supervisory Styles Inventory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31, 541–657. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.31.4.541
7.
GibsonJ. A.GreyI. M.HastingsR. P. (2009). Supervisor support as a predictor of burnout and therapeutic self-efficacy in therapists working in ABA schools. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39, 1024–1030. doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0709-4
8.
GilbertM. C.EvansK. (2000). Psychotherapy supervision: An integrated relational approach to psychotherapy supervision. Philadelphia, PA: McGraw-Hill International.
9.
GiordanoA.ClarkeP.BordersL. D. (2013). Using motivational interviewing techniques to address parallel process in supervision. Counselor Education and Supervision, 52, 15–29. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6978.2013.00025.x
10.
GoodyearR. K.BradleyF. O. (1983). Supervision in counseling: II. Integration and evaluation: Theories of counselor supervision: Points of convergence and divergence. The Counseling Psychologist, 11, 59–67. doi:10.1177/0011000083111010
11.
HawkinsP.ShobetR. (2012). Supervision in the helping professions (4th ed.). Maidenhead, England: McGraw-Hill Education.
12.
HollowayE. L.NeufeldtS. A. (1995). Supervision: Its contributions to treatment efficacy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 207–213. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.63.2.207
13.
KangE. H. (2004). Function and task analysis by styles of supervision (Unpublished master’s thesis). Ewha Women University, Seoul, Korea.
14.
LarsonL. M. (1998). The social cognitive model of counselor training. The Counseling Psychologist, 26, 219–273. doi:10.1177/0011000098262002
15.
LassiterP. S.NapolitanoL.CulbrethJ. R.NgK. (2008). Developing multicultural competence using the structured peer group supervision model. Counselor Education and Supervision, 47, 164–178. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6978.2008.tb00047.x
16.
LeeS. H.SeoY. S.KimD. M. (2007). Validation of the counselor self-efficacy scales. Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychology, 19, 655–763.
17.
Lehrman-WatermanD.LadanyN. (2001). Development and validation of the Evaluation Process Within Supervision Inventory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 48, 168–177. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.48.2.168
18.
LentR. W.HillC. E.HoffmanM. A. (2003). Development and validation of the Counselor Activity Self-Efficacy Scales. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50, 97–108. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.50.1.97
19.
LentR. W.HoffmanM. A.HillC. E.TreistmanD.MountM.SingleyD. (2006). Client-specific counselor self-efficacy in novice counselors: Relation to perceptions of session quality. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53, 453–463. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.53.4.453
20.
LoganbillC.HardyE.DelworthU. (1982). Supervision: A conceptual model. The Counseling Psychologists, 10, 3–42. doi:10.1177/0011000082101002
21.
LongJ. K.LawlessJ. J.DotsonD. R. (1996). Supervisory styles index: Examining supervisees’ perceptions of supervisory style. Contemporary Family Therapy, 18, 589–606.
22.
McGlothlinJ. M.RaineyS.KindsvatterA. (2005). Suicidal clients and supervisees: A model for considering supervisor roles. Counselor Education and Supervision, 45, 135–146. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6978.2005.tb00136.x
23.
RichardF.PontonR. F.SauerheberJ. D. (2014). Supervisee countertransference: A holistic supervision approach. Counselor Education and Supervision, 53, 254–266. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6978.2014.00061.x
24.
ScaifeJ. (2013). Supervision in clinical practice: a practitioner’s guide (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.
25.
StadlerH. A.WillingK. L.EberhageM. G.WardW. H. (1988). Impairment: Implications for the counseling profession. Journal of Counseling & Development, 66, 258–260. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1988.tb00863.x
26.
StemerW. R. (2009). Influence of the supervisory working alliance on supervisee work satisfaction and work-related stress. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 31, 249–263.
27.
StevensJ. (1992). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
28.
UrbaniS.SmithM. R.MadduxC. D.SmabyM. H.Torres-RiveraE.CrewsJ. (2002). Skills-based training and counseling self-efficacy. Counselor Education and Supervision, 42, 92–106. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6978.2002.tb01802.x
29.
Van ProoijenJ. W.Van Der KlootW. A. (2001). Confirmatory analysis of exploratively obtained factor structures. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 61, 777-792. doi:10.1177/00131640121971518
30.
WorthingtonE. L.RoehlkeH. J. (1979). Effective supervision as perceived by beginning counselors-in-training. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 26, 64–73. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.26.1.64
